Breaking prolonged sitting with high-intensity interval training to improve cognitive and brainhealth in older adults: A pilot feasibility trial

通过高强度间歇训练打破久坐以改善老年人的认知和大脑健康：一项试点可行性试验

• 批准号: 10742157
• 负责人: Dominika Maria Pindus
• 金额: $ 43.4万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-15 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10742157
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Adoption; Adult; Affect; Age; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease related dementia; Alzheimer' s disease risk; American; Attention; Attenuated; Brain; Brain region; Catecholamines; Cerebrum; Chronic; Cognition; Cognitive; Complement; Effectiveness; Elderly; Electroencephalography; Epinephrine; Episodic memory; Event; Event-Related Potentials; Exercise; Impaired cognition; Interruption; Interval training; Intervention; Measures; Modeling; Neurocognitive; Neuromodulator; Norepinephrine; Outcome; Parietal; Pattern; Peripheral; Phase; Physical activity; Physiological; Prevalence; Prevention strategy; Publishing; Randomized; Reporting; Resource Allocation; Rest; Safety; Social Interaction; Testing; Time; age group; attentional control; brain health; cognitive function; cognitive performance; exercise intensity; exercise intervention; feasibility testing; feasibility trial; improved; indexing; locus ceruleus structure; member; mortality; negative affect; physical inactivity; prevent; primary outcome; processing speed; response; support network; therapy design; trend; vagus nerve stimulation; young adult

Abstract Age is the major risk factor for AD, which affects ~5.8 million Americans. Increasing physical activity (PA) could decrease the prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and AD Related Dementias by 11%. Yet, the majority of older adults (54%) remain physically inactive. Traditional PA interventions do not reduce excessive sitting in older adults. In particular, sitting continuously for 20 min or longer (i.e., prolonged sitting) can acutely reduce frontoparietal brain function and attentional control. Thus, habitually high levels of prolonged sitting in older adults (5 h/day) may contribute to the declining efficiency of the frontoparietal brain function with age, negatively affecting attentional control and consolidation of episodic memories. Accordingly, PA interventions to enhance frontoparietal and cognitive function in older adults should also target reducing prolonged sitting. However, no effective PA interventions designed to reduce prolonged sitting and improve frontoparietal brain function, attentional control, and episodic memory exist. To be effective such interventions should target the mechanisms underlying PA effects on brain function. A single bout of PA is thought to enhance frontoparietal brain function by stimulating phasic release of cerebral norepinephrine from the locus coeruleus. Specifically, PA stimulates vagus nerve in the periphery by increasing levels of peripheral catecholamines. Capitalizing on PA intensity as the major limiting factor in peripheral catecholamine increase, we propose a pilot randomized crossover feasibility trial to compare 2 conditions lasting 3.5 h each: sitting interrupted by 6-min HIIT every 30 min (HIIT Breaks), and sitting interrupted by 6-min social interactions (SIT) to address 3 aims: (i) to assess feasibility, acceptability, fidelity, and safety of HIIT Breaks to improve neurocognitive function; (ii) to quantify the differences between conditions in the change in P3b amplitude and latency; (iii) to explore the differences between conditions in attentional control, episodic memory, and functional connectivity (FC) of the frontoparietal and default mode networks. We will administer the conditions in a counterbalanced order to 54 older adults (60-75 years). We will use the P3b component of an event-related potential as a primary outcome because it is a known marker of frontoparietal brain function, and an index of phasic shifts (e.g., in response to PA) in cerebral norepinephrine release. It is also reliably modulated by exercise. Next, we will measure FC in the frontoparietal and default mode brain networks because they are modulated by cerebral norepinephrine, and support attentional control and episodic memory, respectively. Furthermore, FC in these networks can be improved with a single bout of PA but declines with age. These results will reveal if short bouts of HIIT can be used as a model to regularly enhance brain function and cognition, by probing cerebral norepinephrine release in a chronic intervention. Our long-term objective is to test the chronic effects of HIIT breaks on the integrity of the locus coeruleus, frontoparietal function, and cognitive functions affected by aging and AD in cognitively healthy and cognitively impaired seniors.

抽象的 年龄是 AD 的主要危险因素，增加体力活动 (PA) 可能会影响大约 580 万美国人。 使阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 和 AD 相关痴呆症的患病率降低 11%。 老年人（54%）仍然缺乏身体活动，传统的 PA 干预措施并不能减少过度久坐。 特别是老年人，连续坐着 20 分钟或更长时间（即长时间坐着）会急剧减少。 因此，老年人习惯性地长时间坐着。 （每天 5 小时）可能会导致额顶叶脑功能效率随着年龄的增长而下降，产生负面影响 影响注意力控制和情景记忆的巩固，因此，PA 干预可以增强。 老年人的额顶叶和认知功能也应以减少久坐为目标，但事实并非如此。 有效的 PA 干预措施旨在减少久坐并改善额顶叶脑功能， 注意力控制和情景记忆的存在要有效，此类干预措施应针对机制。 PA 对大脑功能的潜在影响 据认为，单次 PA 可以增强额顶叶脑功能。 通过刺激蓝斑脑去甲肾上腺素的阶段性释放，具体来说，PA 会刺激。 通过增加外周儿茶酚胺水平，利用 PA 强度来调节外周迷走神经。 外周儿茶酚胺增加的主要限制因素，我们建议进行试点随机交叉 比较 2 种持续 3.5 小时的条件的可行性试验：每 30 分钟进行 6 分钟 HIIT 打断坐姿（HIIT 休息），并通过 6 分钟社交互动 (SIT) 打断坐着，以实现 3 个目标：(i) 评估可行性， HIIT 休息改善神经认知功能的可接受性、保真度和安全性；(ii) 量化差异； 条件之间 P3b 幅度和潜伏期的变化；（iii）探索条件之间的差异 注意力控制、情景记忆以及额顶叶和默认模式的功能连接（FC） 我们将以平衡的顺序管理 54 名老年人（60-75 岁）的条件。 使用事件相关电位的 P3b 部分作为主要结果，因为它是事件相关电位的已知标记 额顶叶脑功能，以及脑去甲肾上腺素的相移指数（例如，对 PA 的反应） 接下来，我们将在额叶模式和默认模式下测量 FC。 大脑网络，因为它们受到脑去甲肾上腺素的调节，并支持注意力控制和 此外，这些网络中的 FC 可以通过单次 PA 得到改善，但 这些结果将揭示短期 HIIT 是否可以作为定期增强的模型。 大脑功能和认知，通过长期干预来探测大脑去甲肾上腺素的释放。 目的是测试 HIIT 休息对蓝斑完整性、额顶功能、 认知健康和认知受损的老年人的认知功能受衰老和 AD 的影响。