Mechanisms controlling cell size and shape

控制细胞大小和形状的机制

• 批准号: 10622938
• 负责人: James B Moseley
• 金额: $ 44.4万
• 依托单位: DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-25 至 2028-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10622938
• 关键词: Area; Biochemical; Biological Models; CDC2 gene; Cell Cycle; Cell Nucleus; Cell Polarity; Cell Shape; Cell Size; Cell division; Cells; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; Cyclins; Cytoplasmic Granules; Defect; Eukaryota; Eukaryotic Cell; Fission Yeast; Fluorescence Microscopy; Funding; Future; Genetic; Genetic Screening; Genomic Instability; Goals; Growth; Knowledge; Malignant Neoplasms; Mammals; Mitosis; Mitotic; Molecular; Monitor; National Institute of General Medical Sciences; Neoplasm Metastasis; Organism; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Positioning Attribute; Process; Protein Kinase; Proteins; RNA; Regulation of Cell Size; Reproducibility; Research; Rod; Role; SNAP receptor; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Surface; System; Work; Yeasts; biological systems; cell growth; design; human disease; interdisciplinary approach; live cell microscopy; mathematical model; model organism; mutant; novel; particle; phosphoproteomics; prevent; reconstitution; simulation; therapeutic target; tumor progression

PROJECT SUMMARY The overall goal of NIGMS-funded research in my lab is to define the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control cell size and shape. Defects in cell size and shape are associated with human diseases including cancer, so defining the underlying mechanisms can identify future therapeutic targets. We use the fission yeast S. pombe as a model system to study these fundamental processes. These rod-shaped eukaryotic cells grow by linear extension due to polarized secretion at growing cell tips, and enter mitosis at a highly reproducible size due to regulated activation of the ubiquitous cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1. Decades of genetic screens have identified an extensive “parts list” for regulation of cell size and shape. Our current challenge is to assemble these parts into defined signaling networks that spatially control cell growth and activate Cdk1 in a size-dependent manner. For this work, we take a multidisciplinary approach that combines genetics, quantitative live-cell microscopy, phosphoproteomics, and biochemical reconstitution. In this proposal, we will address four key unanswered questions. First, how do cortical multiprotein clusters called “nodes” control fission yeast cell size at division? We discovered that nodes contain conserved cell cycle regulators including the protein kinases Cdr2, Cdr1, and Wee1, but we do not know the mechanisms of assembly or signal transduction within nodes. Second, what is the role of multiple cell cycle pathways in monitoring aspects of cell size such as volume and surface area? We will focus on the mitotic inducers Cdc25 and Cdc13/cyclin, with the goal of generating systems-level knowledge supported by mathematical modeling. Third, how do cell polarity mechanisms that function far away from the growing cell tips contribute to cell shape? We will exploit our recent discoveries that implicate RNA granules and SNARE protein clusters as novel “at-a-distance” regulators of cell polarity and shape. Fourth, how do cell size and shape influence spatial patterning of nodes in cells? We have identified cell tips, cortical anchors, and the nucleus as critical regulators of node positioning. We will combine genetic mutants with quantitative fluorescence microscopy and particle-based simulations to define the underlying design principles of this system. Based on extensive conservation of these pathways and processes between yeast and mammals, we fully expect that discoveries from our work will impact and guide future work in other organisms and biological systems.

项目概要 我的实验室由 NIGMS 资助的研究的总体目标是定义分子和细胞 控制细胞大小和形状的机制与细胞大小和形状的缺陷有关。 包括癌症在内的人类疾病，因此定义潜在机制可以确定未来 我们使用裂殖酵母作为模型系统来研究这些目标。 这些杆状真核细胞通过线性延伸生长。 在生长的细胞尖端极化分泌，并以高度可重复的尺寸进入有丝分裂 数十年的遗传筛选对普遍存在的细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶 Cdk1 的调节激活。 已经确定了用于调节细胞尺寸和形状的广泛“零件清单”。 是将这些部分组装成定义的信号网络，在空间上控制细胞生长和 以大小相关的方式激活 Cdk1 在这项工作中，我们采用了多学科方法。 结合了遗传学、定量活细胞显微镜、磷酸蛋白质组学和生物化学 重构。 在本提案中，我们将解决四个关键的未解答问题，首先，皮质多蛋白如何发挥作用。 称为“节点”的簇在分裂时控制裂变酵母细胞的大小？ 含有保守的细胞周期调节因子，包括蛋白激酶 Cdr2、Cdr1 和 Wee1，但是 我们不知道节点内的组装或信号转导机制。 是多个细胞周期途径在监测细胞大小方面的作用，例如体积和 我们将重点关注有丝分裂诱导物 Cdc25 和 Cdc13/cyclin，目标是 第三，细胞如何生成数学模型支持的系统级知识。 远离生长细胞尖端起作用的极性机制有助于细胞形状？ 将利用我们最近的发现，将 RNA 颗粒和 SNARE 蛋白簇关联为 细胞极性和形状的新颖“远程”调节器第四，细胞大小和形状如何。 影响细胞中节点的空间模式？我们已经确定了细胞尖端、皮质锚和 细胞核作为节点定位的关键调节器，我们将把基因突变体与 定量荧光显微镜和基于粒子的模拟来定义底层 该系统的设计原则基于这些路径的广泛保护和 酵母和哺乳动物之间的过程，我们完全期望我们的工作发现会影响 并指导其他生物体和生物系统的未来工作。