Paranoia and Bias in Social Belief Updating in Clinical High Risk for Psychosis

精神病临床高危人群的偏执和社会信仰偏见更新

基本信息

批准号：
10750091
负责人：
Trevor Ford Williams
金额：
$ 6.87万
依托单位：
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2023-08-01 至 2025-07-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10750091
关键词：
Accounting Affect Attenuated Automobile Driving Bayesian Modeling Behavioral Belief Biological Assay Brain Clinical Computer Models Control Groups Cues Data Data Analyses Delusions Development Disease Disease Progression Early identification Educational workshop Environment Feedback Food Funding Future Hypersensitivity Impairment Individual Intervention Interviewer Judgment Knowledge Learning Linear Models Link Literature Longitudinal Studies Measures Modeling National Institute of Mental Health Occupational Outcome Paranoia Participant Pathologic Processes Performance Persons Population Positioning Attribute Predictive Value Probability Probability Learning Process Psychological reinforcement Psychopathology Psychoses Psychotic Disorders Punishment Research Reversal Learning Rewards Risk Role Sampling Schizophrenia Sensory Social Change Social Environment Social Functioning Social Processes Social Reinforcement Specificity Symptoms Testing Time Training Uncertainty Universities Update Variant Volatilization Work career clinical high risk for psychosis clinical predictors common symptom disabling symptom experience functional outcomes information processing meetings preventive intervention programs psychosis risk psychotic symptoms skills social social bias social cognition social learning social relationships stem symposium theories

项目摘要

Project Summary Individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) experience attenuated positive symptoms (e.g., delusions) and may later develop psychosis spectrum disorders (e.g., schizophrenia).1 Paranoia is a common and impairing psychotic symptom, also present in CHR individuals.2–5 Emerging mechanistic research using reinforcement learning task paradigms suggest that individuals with paranoia hold rigid prior beliefs about their environments being highly unpredictable and others being untrustworthy, which is in turn linked to reduced learning from actual environmental feedback that may challenge these beliefs.6–8 While these explanations hold promise for explaining a complicated phenomenon, they have not been tested in CHR individuals and a number of questions remain. For instance, there is debate within the literature as to whether general vs. social learning processes are most relevant to paranoia; however, existing tasks poorly examine this issue.9,10 Furthermore, previous research has focused mainly on one reinforcement learning paradigm (e.g., learning volatile probabilities) and paradigms measuring other learning processes relevant to delusions (e.g., inappropriate learning about blocked cues) may also be related to paranoia.11 Finally, the connection between reinforcement learning processes and symptom progression and functional outcomes (e.g., worsening) has not been examined. The proposed study will examine these gaps in the literature using samples of CHR individuals (N = 50), clinical controls (N = 50), and healthy controls (N = 50), with half being followed for one year. Using this data, the study aims to develop and validate two distinct socially-salient reinforcement learning tasks (Aim 1), compare these two distinct learning paradigms in terms of relevance to paranoia (Aim 2), examine the value of these two social learning tasks for predicting symptom progression (e.g., worsening paranoia) and social functioning decline, above and beyond non-social versions of these tasks (Aim 3). These aims and this project will make use of a larger, ongoing NIMH-funded project,12 which will provide data on 50 CHR individuals, as well as 50 clinical controls and 50 healthy controls. Training Plan: to complete this project and build an independent research career the applicant will (a) pursue in-depth knowledge of psychosis risk, development, delusion formation, social cognition, and learning theory, (b) learn to develop and validate dynamic behavioral tasks, and (c) develop longitudinal data analysis skills. This training will be accomplished through regular meetings with a team of expert scholars, coursework, workshops, and attending conferences. Training Environment: The training will take place at Northwestern University, which offers an excellent and collaborative training environment, which includes both the sponsor and the project’s data analysis consultant. The environment, alongside the proposed study and training plan, will position the applicant to launch a unique program of research and advance our understanding of social processes in psychopathology.

项目概要临床精神病高风险 (CHR) 的个体会经历减弱的阳性症状（例如，妄想），随后可能会发展为精神病谱系障碍（例如精神分裂症）。1偏执狂是一种常见的和损害精神病症状，也存在于 CHR 个体中。2-5 使用新兴机制研究强化学习任务范式表明，患有偏执狂的人对自己的行为持有严格的先验信念。环境高度不可预测，其他人不值得信任，这反过来又与减少从可能挑战这些信念的实际环境反馈中学习。6-8 虽然这些解释它们有望解释一个复杂的现象，但尚未在 CHR 个体中进行过测试，并且例如，文献中存在关于一般性还是社会性的争论。学习过程与偏执最相关；然而，现有任务对这个问题的研究很少。9,10 此外，以前的研究主要集中在一种强化学习范式（例如，学习波动概率）和衡量与妄想相关的其他学习过程的范式（例如，不恰当地了解被阻止的线索）也可能与偏执有关。11最后，两者之间的联系强化学习过程、症状进展和功能结果（例如恶化）没有拟议的研究将使用 CHR 样本来检验文献中的这些差距。个体（N = 50）、临床对照（N = 50）和健康对照（N = 50），其中一半被跟踪为一个今年，该研究旨在开发和验证两种不同的具有社会显着性的强化学习。任务（目标 1），比较这两种不同的学习范式与偏执的相关性（目标 2），检查这两项社会学习任务对于预测症状进展（例如，病情恶化）的价值偏执狂）和社会功能下降，超出了这些任务的非社会版本（目标 3）。目标，该项目将利用 NIMH 资助的一个更大的、正在进行的项目，12 该项目将提供 50 CHR 个体，以及 50 名临床对照和 50 名健康对照培训计划：完成该项目。并建立独立的研究生涯，申请人将 (a) 深入了解精神病风险，发展、妄想形成、社会认知和学习理论，(b) 学会发展和验证动态行为任务，以及（c）培养纵向数据分析技能。该培训将完成。通过与专家学者团队的定期会议、课程作业、研讨会和参加会议。培训环境：培训将在西北大学进行，该大学提供了良好的环境协作培训环境，包括发起人和项目的数据分析顾问。该环境以及拟议的学习和培训计划将使申请人能够启动独特的研究计划并增进我们对精神病理学社会过程的理解。