Paranoia and Bias in Social Belief Updating in Clinical High Risk for Psychosis

精神病临床高危人群的偏执和社会信仰偏见更新

• 批准号: 10750091
• 负责人: Trevor Ford Williams
• 金额: $ 6.87万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-01 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10750091
• 关键词: Accounting; Affect; Attenuated; Automobile Driving; Bayesian Modeling; Behavioral; Belief; Biological Assay; Brain; Clinical; Computer Models; Control Groups; Cues; Data; Data Analyses; Delusions; Development; Disease; Disease Progression; Early identification; Educational workshop; Environment; Feedback; Food; Funding; Future; Hypersensitivity; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Interviewer; Judgment; Knowledge; Learning; Linear Models; Link; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Modeling; National Institute of Mental Health; Occupational; Outcome; Paranoia; Participant; Pathologic Processes; Performance; Persons; Population; Positioning Attribute; Predictive Value; Probability; Probability Learning; Process; Psychological reinforcement; Psychopathology; Psychoses; Psychotic Disorders; Punishment; Research; Reversal Learning; Rewards; Risk; Role; Sampling; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Social Change; Social Environment; Social Functioning; Social Processes; Social Reinforcement; Specificity; Symptoms; Testing; Time; Training; Uncertainty; Universities; Update; Variant; Volatilization; Work; career; clinical high risk for psychosis; clinical predictors; common symptom; disabling symptom; experience; functional outcomes; information processing; meetings; preventive intervention; programs; psychosis risk; psychotic symptoms; skills; social; social bias; social cognition; social learning; social relationships; stem; symposium; theories

Project Summary Individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) experience attenuated positive symptoms (e.g., delusions) and may later develop psychosis spectrum disorders (e.g., schizophrenia).1 Paranoia is a common and impairing psychotic symptom, also present in CHR individuals.2–5 Emerging mechanistic research using reinforcement learning task paradigms suggest that individuals with paranoia hold rigid prior beliefs about their environments being highly unpredictable and others being untrustworthy, which is in turn linked to reduced learning from actual environmental feedback that may challenge these beliefs.6–8 While these explanations hold promise for explaining a complicated phenomenon, they have not been tested in CHR individuals and a number of questions remain. For instance, there is debate within the literature as to whether general vs. social learning processes are most relevant to paranoia; however, existing tasks poorly examine this issue.9,10 Furthermore, previous research has focused mainly on one reinforcement learning paradigm (e.g., learning volatile probabilities) and paradigms measuring other learning processes relevant to delusions (e.g., inappropriate learning about blocked cues) may also be related to paranoia.11 Finally, the connection between reinforcement learning processes and symptom progression and functional outcomes (e.g., worsening) has not been examined. The proposed study will examine these gaps in the literature using samples of CHR individuals (N = 50), clinical controls (N = 50), and healthy controls (N = 50), with half being followed for one year. Using this data, the study aims to develop and validate two distinct socially-salient reinforcement learning tasks (Aim 1), compare these two distinct learning paradigms in terms of relevance to paranoia (Aim 2), examine the value of these two social learning tasks for predicting symptom progression (e.g., worsening paranoia) and social functioning decline, above and beyond non-social versions of these tasks (Aim 3). These aims and this project will make use of a larger, ongoing NIMH-funded project,12 which will provide data on 50 CHR individuals, as well as 50 clinical controls and 50 healthy controls. Training Plan: to complete this project and build an independent research career the applicant will (a) pursue in-depth knowledge of psychosis risk, development, delusion formation, social cognition, and learning theory, (b) learn to develop and validate dynamic behavioral tasks, and (c) develop longitudinal data analysis skills. This training will be accomplished through regular meetings with a team of expert scholars, coursework, workshops, and attending conferences. Training Environment: The training will take place at Northwestern University, which offers an excellent and collaborative training environment, which includes both the sponsor and the project’s data analysis consultant. The environment, alongside the proposed study and training plan, will position the applicant to launch a unique program of research and advance our understanding of social processes in psychopathology.

项目摘要 患有精神病临床高风险（CHR）经历的个人会减弱正症状（例如， 妄想）可能后来发展精神病谱系障碍（例如精神分裂症）。1偏执狂是一种常见 并损害了精神病症状，也存在于CHR个人中。2-5新兴的机械研究使用 强化学习任务范式表明，患有偏执狂的人对自己 环境是高度不可预测的，其他环境不信任，这又与减少有关 从可能挑战这些信念的实际环境反馈中学习。6-8同时这些解释 有望解释复杂的现象，尚未在Chr个体中进行测试和 仍然存在问题的数量。例如，文献中有关于一般与社会是否存在辩论 学习过程与妄想症最相关；但是，现有任务很难研究这个问题。9,10 此外，以前的研究主要集中在一个强化学习范式上（例如，学习 挥发性的可能性）和范式测量与妄想相关的其他学习过程（例如， 关于阻止提示的不当学习）也可能与偏执狂有关。11最后， 强化学习过程以及症状的进展和功能结果（例如，担心）尚未 他接受了检查。拟议的研究将使用CHR的样品在文献中检查这些差距 个体（n = 50），临床对照（n = 50）和健康对照（n = 50），一半遵循一个 年。使用这些数据，该研究旨在开发和验证两种不同的社会陈级强化学习 任务（AIM 1），就与偏执狂相关的这两个截然不同的学习范式比较（AI​​M 2）， 检查这两个社会学习任务对预测症状进展的价值（例如，担心 偏执狂和社会功能下降，超越这些任务的非社会版本（AIM 3）。 AIMS和该项目将利用一个较大的，正在进行的NIMH资助的项目，12将提供50的数据 CHR个体以及50个临床对照和50个健康对照。培训计划：完成该项目 并建立独立的研究职业申请人（a）对精神病风险的深入了解， 发展，描述形成，社会认知和学习理论，（b）学会发展和验证 动态行为任务，（c）发展纵向数据分析技能。该培训将完成 通过与专家学者，课程，讲习班和参加会议的团队定期会议。 培训环境：培训将在西北大学举行，该大学提供出色的和 协作培训环境，包括赞助商和项目的数据分析顾问。 遵循拟议的研究和培训计划的环境将使申请人定位以推出独特的 研究计划并提高我们对心理病理学社会过程的理解。