The role of novelty and surprise in aversive conditioning

新奇和惊喜在厌恶性条件反射中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
10626682
负责人：
Brian J Wiltgen
金额：
$ 55.48万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-08-15 至 2023-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10626682
关键词：
Alzheimer&apos s Disease American Amnesia Animals Anxiety Anxiety Disorders Atrophic Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Auditory Aversive Stimulus Bipolar Disorder Brain Catecholamines Cells Cues Data Disease Dopamine Dopamine Antagonists Dopamine Receptor Dorsal Emotional disorder Environment Event Extinction (Psychology)Fostering Frequencies Fright Future Goals Hippocampus (Brain)Hour Human Image Impairment Learning Life Memory Mental disorders Monitor Mus Neuromodulator Receptors Neurons Norepinephrine Pattern Photometry Procedures Reporter Role Schizophrenia Shock Stimulus Synaptic plasticity System Testing Time Training United States United States National Institutes of Health aversive conditioning base classical conditioning comorbidity conditioned fear conditioning emotional experience experimental study follow-up in vivo locus ceruleus structure long term memory memory consolidation memory process neuromechanism neuroregulation novel optogenetics prevent psychologic public health relevance rehearsal relating to nervous system response sensor time use tool

项目摘要

Abstract Novelty and surprise have long been known to facilitate learning and memory. At a functional level this makes sense; unexpected events have to be learned about so they can be predicted and responded to appropriately in the future. At a psychological level, surprising events have been shown to enhance memory because they induce rehearsal. Subjects tend to “think about” unexpected events more than familiar ones after they occur. This has been observed directly in humans (explicit rehearsal) and indirectly in animals (implicit rehearsal). In both cases, the memory enhancement can be eliminated by disrupting rehearsal with a distractor stimulus that is presented immediately after the novel event. Presenting the same distractor stimulus several minutes later has no effect. This suggests rehearsal is short-lasting and distinct from the process of memory consolidation, which stabilizes new information for several hours after learning. In addition to increasing rehearsal, novel events also trigger the release of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA), which are known to enhance synaptic plasticity. Blocking receptors for these neuromodulators in the hippocampus prevents animals from forming new spatial and contextual memories. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that surprising events enhance memory because they induce catecholamine release at the same time the hippocampus is actively rehearsing/replaying new information. Our preliminary data demonstrate that NE and DA are both released in the hippocampus during and after the presentation of an unexpected aversive stimulus. At the same time, there is an increase in sharp-wave ripple oscillations (SWRs), which are known to contain replay sequences for recently encountered stimuli. Consequently, we will test the hypothesis above by monitoring and manipulating catecholamine release in real-time during an aversive learning task while simultaneously recording SWRs and imaging the activity of memory cells in the hippocampus.

抽象的人们早就知道新奇和惊喜可以促进学习和记忆，这在功能层面上是有道理的。必须了解意外事件，以便将来能够预测并做出适当反应。在心理层面上，令人惊讶的事件已被证明可以增强记忆，因为它们会引起受试者的回忆。在意外事件发生后比熟悉的事件更多地“思考”这已在人类身上直接观察到。（外显演练）和间接（内隐演练）在动物中，这两种情况都可以增强记忆。通过在新事件发生后立即出现的干扰刺激来扰乱排练来消除这种情况。几分钟后呈现相同的干扰刺激没有效果，这表明排练是短暂的并且没有效果。与记忆巩固的过程不同，记忆巩固的过程是在学习后几个小时内稳定新信息。除了增加排练外，新事件还会引发去甲肾上腺素（NE）和多巴胺（DA）的释放，这已知可以增强海马中这些神经调节剂的突触可塑性。基于这些发现，我们对动物形成新的空间和情境记忆感到惊讶。事件可以增强记忆力，因为它们会在海马体活跃的同时诱导儿茶酚胺释放排练/重播新信息我们的初步数据表明 NE 和 DA 均在在出现意外的厌恶刺激期间和之后，海马体的数量会增加。尖波纹波振荡 (SWR) 中包含最近遇到的刺激的重放序列。经过测试，我们将通过实时监测和操纵儿茶酚胺释放来检验上述假设在厌恶学习任务期间，同时记录 SWR 并对记忆细胞的活动进行成像海马体。