The role of novelty and surprise in aversive conditioning

新奇和惊喜在厌恶性条件反射中的作用

基本信息

批准号：
10626682
负责人：
Brian J Wiltgen
金额：
$ 55.48万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-08-15 至 2023-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10626682
关键词：
Alzheimer&apos s Disease American Amnesia Animals Anxiety Anxiety Disorders Atrophic Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Auditory Aversive Stimulus Bipolar Disorder Brain Catecholamines Cells Cues Data Disease Dopamine Dopamine Antagonists Dopamine Receptor Dorsal Emotional disorder Environment Event Extinction (Psychology)Fostering Frequencies Fright Future Goals Hippocampus (Brain)Hour Human Image Impairment Learning Life Memory Mental disorders Monitor Mus Neuromodulator Receptors Neurons Norepinephrine Pattern Photometry Procedures Reporter Role Schizophrenia Shock Stimulus Synaptic plasticity System Testing Time Training United States United States National Institutes of Health aversive conditioning base classical conditioning comorbidity conditioned fear conditioning emotional experience experimental study follow-up in vivo locus ceruleus structure long term memory memory consolidation memory process neuromechanism neuroregulation novel optogenetics prevent psychologic public health relevance rehearsal relating to nervous system response sensor time use tool

项目摘要

Abstract Novelty and surprise have long been known to facilitate learning and memory. At a functional level this makes sense; unexpected events have to be learned about so they can be predicted and responded to appropriately in the future. At a psychological level, surprising events have been shown to enhance memory because they induce rehearsal. Subjects tend to “think about” unexpected events more than familiar ones after they occur. This has been observed directly in humans (explicit rehearsal) and indirectly in animals (implicit rehearsal). In both cases, the memory enhancement can be eliminated by disrupting rehearsal with a distractor stimulus that is presented immediately after the novel event. Presenting the same distractor stimulus several minutes later has no effect. This suggests rehearsal is short-lasting and distinct from the process of memory consolidation, which stabilizes new information for several hours after learning. In addition to increasing rehearsal, novel events also trigger the release of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA), which are known to enhance synaptic plasticity. Blocking receptors for these neuromodulators in the hippocampus prevents animals from forming new spatial and contextual memories. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that surprising events enhance memory because they induce catecholamine release at the same time the hippocampus is actively rehearsing/replaying new information. Our preliminary data demonstrate that NE and DA are both released in the hippocampus during and after the presentation of an unexpected aversive stimulus. At the same time, there is an increase in sharp-wave ripple oscillations (SWRs), which are known to contain replay sequences for recently encountered stimuli. Consequently, we will test the hypothesis above by monitoring and manipulating catecholamine release in real-time during an aversive learning task while simultaneously recording SWRs and imaging the activity of memory cells in the hippocampus.

抽象的长期以来，已知新颖和惊喜可以促进学习和记忆。在功能层面上，这很有意义；必须了解意外的事件，以便将来可以预测并对其做出适当的反应。在心理层面，令人惊讶的事件已被证明可以增强记忆，因为它们会引起排练。受试者趋向于在发生之后，比熟悉的事件“考虑”意外事件。这是直接在人类中观察到的（明确的排练）和间接地在动物中（隐式彩排）。在这两种情况下，内存的增强都可以是通过用干扰物刺激破坏彩排的消除，该刺激在新事件发生后立即提出。几分钟后展示相同的干扰物刺激没有效果。这表明排练是短暂的，与内存合并过程不同，该过程在学习后几个小时就可以稳定新信息。在除了增加彩排外，新型事件还触发了去甲肾上腺素（NE）和多巴胺（DA）的释放，这已知可以增强突触可塑性。海马中这些神经调节剂的受体阻止受体阻止动物从形成新的空间和上下文记忆。基于这些发现，我们假设这一惊喜事件会增强记忆力，因为它们会诱导儿茶酚胺释放，同时是海马的排练/重播新信息。我们的初步数据表明，NE和DA都在出现意外厌恶刺激期间和之后的海马。同时，有所增加在锋利的波纹振荡（SWR）中，已知包含用于最近遇到的刺激的重播序列。因此，我们将通过实时监视和操纵儿茶酚胺释放来检验上述假设在厌恶的学习任务中，同时记录SWR并成像记忆单元的活性海马。