Individual and age differences in temporal discounting: the role of memory for time

时间贴现的个体和年龄差异：时间记忆的作用

基本信息

批准号：
10579515
负责人：
Karolina M Lempert
金额：
$ 37.75万
依托单位：
ADELPHI UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2023-02-01 至 2026-01-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10579515
关键词：
Adult Affect Aging Alcohol abuse Arousal Behavioral Categories Computer Models Conscious Decision Making Drug abuse Elderly Environment Episodic memory Event Food Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Future Goals Health Hippocampus Image Individual Individual Differences Institution Intuition Investments Judgment Label Length Life Link Literature Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures Medial Mediating Memory Methods Mydriasis Neurocognitive Participant Patients Pattern Perception Personal Satisfaction Persons Process Pupil Research Retirement Rewards Risk Behaviors Role Series Signal Transduction System Temporal Lobe Testing Time Time Perception Work age difference age effect age related aged discounting experience locus ceruleus structure member middle age multimodality neural neuroimaging novel response skills stem time interval undergraduate research experience undergraduate student willingness

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY Many important decisions, including those faced by older adults, involve tradeoffs between smaller, immediate and larger, delayed rewards (i.e., intertemporal choices). For example, do you give up sugary foods now in order to live a longer, healthier life? Do you take money out of a retirement account now despite incurring a penalty? People vary in their willingness to wait for future rewards, but the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying these individual differences in temporal discounting are largely unknown. One possibility is that people who remember past time intervals as shorter are more patient for future rewards, because they anticipate that future time intervals will be short as well. This project will use behavioral, pupillometry, and neuroimaging methods to test this novel hypothesis. Previous research has shown that memory for how long an experience lasted (duration memory) depends on how many discrete events happened during that experience. Therefore, we predict that individuals who segment continuous experience into a larger number of discrete events (“fine” event segmenters) will remember past time intervals as having taking longer, resulting in less willingness to wait through future time intervals. In contrast, we expect that people who segment experience into fewer events (“coarse” event segmenters) will remember time as having flown by, and so will be more willing to wait for future rewards. We further predict that age-related changes in the pupil-linked arousal system and episodic memory system are likely to lead to coarser event segmentation with aging, by reducing the effects of salient “event boundaries” on memory. The goal of Aim 1 is to measure event segmentation, memory for duration, and temporal discounting and establish associations between them. The goal of Aim 2 is to investigate whether temporal discounting can be modulated by memories for the durations of recent experiences. In Aim 1, we will measure pupil dilation in a group of young, middle-aged, and older participants while they listen to an audio narrative and label event boundaries in the story. We expect that individual differences in pupil dilation at these boundaries will be reflected in later memory for how long the narrative lasted, and will be associated with temporal discounting measured in a separate task. In Aim 2, a group of young (aged 18-40) and older (aged 60+) adults will undergo functional neuroimaging while viewing a series of images. This time, event boundaries will be predetermined and signaled by salient category switches during these sequences of images. We expect that neural processing of those event boundaries by the medial temporal lobe will be reduced in the older adult group, and that the number of event boundaries in a sequence will influence intertemporal choices made directly after that sequence. These studies will shed light on the relationship between memory for time and temporal discounting, as well as how aging affects these processes. This project will also strengthen the research environment at the PI’s undergraduate- focused institution, and provide research opportunities for undergraduates, including opportunities to work with older adults and with new methods (pupillometry, computational modeling, and functional neuroimaging).

项目概要许多重要的决策，包括老年人面临的决策，都涉及较小的、直接的决策之间的权衡。以及更大的、延迟的奖励（即跨期选择），例如，您现在是否按顺序放弃含糖食物。为了过上更长寿、更健康的生活，尽管受到处罚，你现在还会从退休账户中取出钱吗？人们等待未来奖励的意愿各不相同，但这些背后的神经认知机制时间贴现的个体差异在很大程度上是未知的，一种可能性是记忆的人。过去的时间间隔越短，他们对未来的奖励就越有耐心，因为他们预计未来的时间该项目将使用行为、瞳孔测量和神经影像学方法进行测试。这个新颖的假设已经表明，记忆会持续一段经历的时间（持续时间）。记忆）取决于该经历期间发生的离散事件的数量。将连续经验分割成大量离散事件的个人（“精细”事件分割者）会记住过去的时间间隔花费了更长的时间，导致不太愿意等待未来的时间相反，我们期望人们将经验划分为更少的事件（“粗略”事件）。分段者）会记得时间已经飞逝，因此更愿意等待未来的奖励。进一步预测瞳孔相关唤醒系统和情景记忆系统与年龄相关的变化通过减少显着“事件边界”的影响，可能会随着年龄的增长而导致更粗的事件分割目标 1 的目标是测量事件分段、持续时间记忆和时间贴现。并在它们之间建立关联目标 2 的目标是研究时间贴现是否可以。在目标 1 中，我们将测量瞳孔扩张情况。一群年轻人、中年人和老年人在听音频叙述和标签活动我们期望在这些边界处瞳孔扩张的个体差异能够得到反映。在后来的记忆中，叙述持续了多长时间，并将与以时间为单位衡量的时间贴现相关联。在目标 2 中，一组年轻人（18-40 岁）和老年人（60 岁以上）将接受功能训练。这一次，事件边界将被预先确定并发出信号。通过这些图像序列期间的显着类别切换，我们期望对这些事件进行神经处理。在老年人组中，内侧颞叶的边界将会减少，并且事件的数量序列中的边界将影响在该序列之后直接做出的跨期选择。将揭示时间记忆和时间贴现之间的关系，以及衰老如何该项目还将加强 PI 本科生的研究环境。重点机构，并为本科生提供研究机会，包括与老年人和新方法（瞳孔测量、计算模型和功能神经影像）。