Global Perspectives on Gender Inequality, Parental Violence, and Child Development

关于性别不平等、父母暴力和儿童发展的全球视角

基本信息

批准号：
10580323
负责人：
Julie Ma
金额：
$ 46.66万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT FLINT
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2023-05-23 至 2026-04-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10580323
关键词：
14 year old Address Adult Aggressive behavior Anxiety Attitude Back Behavior Caregivers Characteristics Child Child Development Child Rearing Country Crime Data Data Set Development Distal Distress Economics Emotional Environment Exposure to Faculty Family Family Violence Financial cost Fostering Funding Gender Goals Home Homicide Household Human Development Income Individual Inequality Institution International Interpersonal Violence Intervention Link Literature Mental Depression Mental Health Michigan National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Outcome Parents Policies Population Prevention Prevention strategy Process Program Development Public Health Punishment Reporting Reproducibility Research Resource-limited setting Risk Role Scholarship Science Social Environment Social Work Stress Students Surveys Sustainable Development System Testing United Nations Universities Violence Woman World Health World Health Organization boys caregiver education child physical abuse cost distraction economic indicator gender difference gender disparity girls global health graduate student improved innovation intimate partner violence low and middle-income countries multilevel analysis pandemic disease physical abuse pressure prevent preventive intervention programs social social norm socioeconomics theories undergraduate education undergraduate student violence against women violence perpetration violent crime

14 year old Address Adult Aggressive behavior Anxiety Attitude Back Behavior Caregivers Characteristics Child Child Development Child Rearing Country Crime Data Data Set Development Distal Distress Economics Emotional Environment Exposure to Faculty Family Family Violence Financial cost Fostering Funding Gender Goals Home Homicide Household Human Development Income Individual Inequality Institution International Interpersonal Violence Intervention Link Literature Mental Depression Mental Health Michigan National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Outcome Parents Policies Population Prevention Prevention strategy Process Program Development Public Health Punishment Reporting Reproducibility Research Resource-limited setting Risk Role Scholarship Science Social Environment Social Work Stress Students Surveys Sustainable Development System Testing United Nations Universities Violence Woman World Health World Health Organization boys caregiver education child physical abuse cost distraction economic indicator gender difference gender disparity girls global health graduate student improved innovation intimate partner violence low and middle-income countries multilevel analysis pandemic disease physical abuse pressure prevent preventive intervention programs social social norm socioeconomics theories undergraduate education undergraduate student violence against women violence perpetration violent crime

展开

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Gender inequality perpetuates harmful norms that justify violence against women and children and is associated with higher rates of family violence. Worldwide, parental physical abuse is a common form of family violence that children are exposed to at alarming rates. Parental engagement in physical abuse is linked to negative child outcomes including depression, anxiety, and aggression that may persist into adulthood. Globally, these continuing mental health and aggression problems may have high financial costs, with effects both on social service systems and developing economies. Despite the substantial scholarship on parent- and family-level predictors of parent-to-child physical violence, important questions remain about societal-level predictors of parental physical abuse and its associations with young children’s development in developing and transitional countries. A further gap in prior literature is the lack of studies that have examined the role of individual child gender in the associations between gender inequality and parental violence against children, considering that girls are likely to be more vulnerable to gender inequality than boys. Using data from over 520,000 families in 57 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the current project seeks to address these research gaps by examining the associations of country-level gender inequality and violent social contexts with caregivers’ use of physically abusive behavior and child social-emotional development. We will employ multilevel models using data on parental physical violence against children, family socio-economic characteristics, and children’s social-emotional development from the UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) and data on country-level gender inequality and violent social contexts from the United Nations Development Programme on Human Development and the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory. The specific aims are to 1) examine the associations of gender inequality with parental child physical abuse in LMICs, and the moderating role of child gender in these associations, 2) examine the associations of violent social norms and crimes with parental physical abuse in LMICs, and 3) examine the associations of parental physical abuse with child social-emotional development in the context of gender inequality and violent norms and crimes in LMICs, and whether country-level normativeness of physical abuse moderates these associations. The proposed studies will advance the understanding of macro-level social and economic indicators that perpetuate caregivers’ physical violence against children in international contexts. Study findings will inform cross-cultural programs and policies that reduce gender disparities and prevent parental physical abuse to promote child social-emotional development across the globe. In addition, these studies will provide rigorous research engagement opportunities to undergraduate students and graduate students and strengthen the research environment at the University of Michigan-Flint.

项目摘要/摘要性别不平等永久性的有害规范，证明对妇女和儿童的暴力行为合理，是与较高的家庭暴力率有关。全球，父母的身体虐待是家庭的一种常见形式儿童以惊人的速度接触暴力。父母参与身体虐待与负面的儿童结局，包括抑郁，焦虑和侵略性，可能会持续到成年。在全球范围内，这些持续的心理健康和积极的问题可能会有很高的财务成本，并带来影响在社会服务系统和发展经济方面。尽管对父母和家庭对孩子的身体暴力的家庭级预测指标，关于社会层面的重要问题仍然存在父母身体虐待的预测因素及其与幼儿发展和发展方面的联系过渡国家。先前文献中的进一步差距是缺乏研究研究的作用在性别不平等与父母暴力对儿童的暴力之间的关联中，个别儿童性别，考虑到女孩可能比男孩更容易受到性别不平等的影响。使用来自Over的数据 57个低收入国家（LMIC）的520,000个家庭，目前的项目试图解决这些问题研究差距通过研究国家级别的性别不平等和暴力社会背景的关联护理人员使用身体虐待行为和儿童社会情感发展。我们将雇用多级模型使用有关父母对儿童的身体暴力的数据，家庭社会经济特征，以及来自联合国儿童基金会多重指标群的儿童社会情感发展调查（MIC）以及有关国家级别性别不平等和暴力社会环境的数据人类发展和世界卫生组织全球卫生的国家发展计划天文台。具体目的是1）检查性别不平等与父母儿童的关联 LMIC的身体虐待以及儿童性别在这些协会中的调节作用，2）检查暴力社会规范和犯罪与LMIC中的父母身体虐待的关联，3）检查在性别的背景下，父母身体虐待与儿童社会情感发展的关联 LMIC中的不平等和暴力规范和犯罪，以及国家水平的身体虐待规范是否存在调节这些关联。拟议的研究将提高对宏观社会和在国际环境中，使护理人员对儿童的身体暴力永久存在的经济指标。研究结果将为跨文化计划和政策提供信息，以减少性别分布并防止父母的身体虐待以促进全球儿童社会情感发展。另外，这些研究将为本科生和研究生提供严格的研究参与机会学生并在密歇根大学（University of Michigan-Flint）加强研究环境。