Circuit dynamics underlying perceptual learning in the functionally organized visual cortex

功能组织的视觉皮层感知学习的回路动力学

基本信息

批准号：
10599145
负责人：
Gabriela del Mar Rodriguez
金额：
$ 7.38万
依托单位：
MAX PLANCK FLORIDA CORPORATION
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-04-01 至 2025-03-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10599145
关键词：
Acetylcholine Address Adult Architecture Attention Award Behavioral Brain Calcium Chronic Data Dendritic Spines Development Discrimination Discrimination Learning Elements Endowment Enhancers Exhibits Florida Foundations Functional Imaging Future Genetic Head Image Imaging Techniques Individual Injury Learning Learning Disabilities Mammals Maps Modeling Molecular Monitor Nature Neurons Neurosciences Optics Perception Perceptual learning Performance Phase Population Positioning Attribute Primates Process Property Psychological reinforcement Recovery Research Rewards Sensory Shapes Signal Transduction Specificity Stimulus Stroke Structure Synapses Synaptic plasticity Task Performances Technical Expertise Techniques Technology Training Tupaia Tupaiidae V1 neuron Visual Visual Cortex area V1 area striata cholinergic collaborative environment excitatory neuron experience experimental study flexibility in vivo calcium imaging individual response inhibitory neuron innovation learning progression neural neural circuit novel novel strategies orientation selectivity programs recruit response sensor sensory cortex skills spatiotemporal training opportunity two-photon visual stimulus

项目摘要

Project Summary Experience shapes cortical sensory representations in a remarkable manner during development, but after maturation capacity for plasticity becomes limited. The tightly regulated plasticity of the mature cortex enables learning but impedes the brain’s capacity to regain appropriate function after injury, stroke or prolonged sensory loss. Studying mechanisms that underlie perceptual learning in the adult stage will advance our understanding of perception and will provide the foundation to develop novel approaches that promote plasticity in the adult brain. Recent studies in the tree shrew (tupaia belangeri), a highly visual mammal that shares cortical organization features with primates, show that learning a reward-based orientation discrimination task leads to long lasting changes in excitatory responses that increase discriminability between task relevant stimuli in the mature primary visual cortex (V1). However, we lack a clear understanding of the underlying circuit mechanisms that are responsible for these changes. I will combine my previous experience studying mechanisms of synaptic plasticity with new training focused on expanding my technical expertise in cutting edge optical approaches to uncover the mechanisms underlying perceptual learning in the tree shrew. Preliminary data suggest that a transient and feature specific decrease in the inhibitory network response precedes changes in the excitatory neuronal population associated with enhanced performance, showing that the learning process in tree shrew V1 layer 2/3 is a precise one where circuit elements are engaged with both feature and temporal specificity. I will employ chronic 2-photon imaging in combination with novel genetic enhancers and precise RNAscope technology to determine changes in the response properties of V1 inhibitory neural subpopulations during perceptual learning (Aim 1). Additionally, I will define changes in the functional synaptic architecture of excitatory neurons that undergo learning-related changes (Aim 2) by applying calcium imaging of dendritic spines through the learning process. Finally, I will establish the spatiotemporal recruitment of acetylcholine release during discrimination learning (Aim 3) by taking advantage of a recently developed cholinergic sensor that can be imaged chronically through learning stages. This project capitalizes on the functional organization of the tree shrew V1 area as a unique model to address how perceptual learning is implemented in highly structured cortical networks akin to those found in the primate cortex. The studies will take place in a collaborative environment at Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience (MPFI) known for developing innovative approaches to address fundamental questions about neural circuits and hosting one of the few tree shrew colonies in the world. Completion of these aims and training plan will lead to a comprehensive framework describing the progression of learning-related plasticity in a functionally structured cortex upon which I will build an independent research program in the future.

项目概要经验在发育过程中以显着的方式塑造皮质感觉表征，但在发育之后成熟的可塑性能力变得有限。成熟皮质的可塑性受到严格调节。学习，但会阻碍大脑在受伤、中风或长时间感觉后恢复适当功能的能力研究成人阶段感知学习的机制将增进我们的理解。感知并将为开发促进成人可塑性的新方法奠定基础最近对树鼩（tupaia belangeri）的研究，树鼩是一种共享皮质的高度视觉哺乳动物。灵长类动物的组织特征表明，学习基于奖励的方向辨别任务会导致兴奋反应的长期持续变化，增加了任务相关刺激之间的辨别力然而，我们对潜在的电路机制缺乏清晰的了解。我将结合我之前研究突触机制的经验。新培训的可塑性侧重于扩展我在尖端光学方法方面的技术专业知识揭示树鼩知觉学习的机制初步数据表明抑制网络反应的短暂和特征特异性下降先于兴奋性网络反应的变化与增强表现相关的神经群体，表明树鼩 V1 的学习过程第 2/3 层是一个精确的层，其中电路元件同时具有特征和时间特异性。采用慢性 2 光子成像与新型遗传增强剂和精确的 RNAscope 相结合确定 V1 抑制性神经亚群反应特性变化的技术此外，我将定义兴奋性突触结构的变化。通过应用树突棘钙成像，神经元经历与学习相关的变化（目标 2）最后，我将建立学习过程中乙酰胆碱释放的时空招募。利用最近开发的胆碱能传感器进行辨别学习（目标 3）通过学习阶段长期成像该项目利用了树的功能组织。 Shrew V1 区域作为一个独特的模型来解决如何在高度结构化的皮质中实施感知学习类似于灵长类动物皮层中发现的网络，这些研究将在协作环境中进行。马克斯·普朗克佛罗里达神经科学研究所 (MPFI) 以开发创新方法来解决问题而闻名关于神经回路和世界上为数不多的树鼩群落之一的基本问题。完成这些目标和培训计划将产生一个描述进展的综合框架功能结构皮层中与学习相关的可塑性，我将在此基础上开展一项独立研究未来的计划。