Ambient air pollution and respiratory outcomes in children ages 0-4

环境空气污染与 0-4 岁儿童的呼吸系统结果

• 批准号: 7875341
• 负责人: Lyndsey Darrow
• 金额: $ 7.75万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-15 至 2012-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7875341
• 关键词: 1 year old; 5 year old; Accident and Emergency department; Adult; Age; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Area; Asthma; Bronchiolitis; Bronchitis; Caliber; Carbon; Carbon Monoxide; Chemicals; Child; Childhood; Complement; Databases; Environmental air flow; Epidemiologic Studies; Funding; High Prevalence; Hospitals; Immune system; Individual; Infant; Inorganic Sulfates; Investigation; Life; Light; Lung; Lung diseases; Measurement; Metals; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Nature; Nitrogen Dioxide; Outcome; Ozone; Particulate Matter; Pattern; Pneumonia; Predisposition; Public Health; Relative (related person); Research; Resources; Risk; Toxic effect; Unspecified or Sulfate Ion Sulfates; Upper Respiratory Infections; Visit; Water; Wheezing; age group; metropolitan; pollutant; public health relevance; respiratory

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Many studies have examined short-term associations between ambient air pollutant concentrations and respiratory morbidity in children, but few have focused explicitly on respiratory disease in the first few years of life when susceptibilities may be greater than in later childhood or adulthood. The proposed study examines relationships between ambient air pollutant concentrations and emergency department visits for specific respiratory conditions in children ages 0-4 years. This epidemiologic investigation leverages an existing database of 12 million emergency department visits collected from 41 Atlanta metropolitan area hospitals between January 1, 1993 and December 31, 2004 as part of previous NIEHS- and EPA-funded projects. The proposed project also takes advantage of daily measurements of speciated particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) to complement the measurements of ambient particulate matter and gaseous pollutants available from USEPA monitors. The availability of daily speciated PM2.5 measurements is a key strength of the proposed study because the toxicity of particulate matter likely varies by chemical composition. These existing, high-quality resources will be used to investigate short-term fluctuations in ambient air pollutant concentrations in relation to several different respiratory outcomes in infants and young children, including asthma, wheeze, bronchiolitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, and upper respiratory infection. By focusing on individuals under 5 years of age, results will advance our understanding of the age-specific susceptibilities of young children to the respiratory effects of air pollution. Given the ubiquitous nature of air pollution exposure and the high prevalence of the pediatric respiratory conditions, even a modest increase in risk observed will have important public health implications. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Young children may have age-specific vulnerabilities to the respiratory effects of outdoor air pollution because of their immature lungs and immune systems, outdoor activity patterns, and higher ventilation rate relative to adults. We focus on this understudied age group to describe relationships between ambient air pollutant concentrations and emergency department visits for asthma, wheeze, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia and upper respiratory infections in children less than 5 years of age.

描述（由申请人提供）：许多研究都考察了环境空气污染物浓度与儿童呼吸道疾病之间的短期关联，但很少有研究明确关注生命最初几年的呼吸道疾病，因为此时的易感性可能高于儿童后期或成年期。拟议的研究调查了环境空气污染物浓度与 0-4 岁儿童特定呼吸系统疾病就诊急诊室之间的关系。这项流行病学调查利用了现有数据库，该数据库包含 1993 年 1 月 1 日至 2004 年 12 月 31 日期间从 41 家亚特兰大大都市区医院收集的 1,200 万例急诊科就诊数据，这是之前 NIEHS 和 EPA 资助项目的一部分。拟议项目还利用对直径小于或等于 2.5 微米的特定颗粒物 (PM2.5) 的日常测量来补充 USEPA 监测仪对环境颗粒物和气态污染物的测量。每日特定 PM2.5 测量的可用性是拟议研究的一个关键优势，因为颗粒物的毒性可能因化学成分而异。这些现有的优质资源将用于调查环境空气污染物浓度的短期波动，这些波动与婴幼儿几种不同的呼吸系统结果有关，包括哮喘、喘息、细支气管炎、支气管炎、肺炎和上呼吸道感染。通过关注 5 岁以下的个体，研究结果将加深我们对幼儿对空气污染呼吸系统影响的特定年龄敏感性的了解。鉴于空气污染暴露的普遍性和儿科呼吸系统疾病的高患病率，即使观察到的风险略有增加，也会对公共卫生产生重要影响。 公共卫生相关性：由于幼儿的肺部和免疫系统不成熟、户外活动模式以及相对于成人更高的通风率，幼儿可能对室外空气污染的呼吸系统影响具有特定年龄的脆弱性。我们重点研究这一尚未充分研究的年龄组，以描述环境空气污染物浓度与 5 岁以下儿童因哮喘、喘息、支气管炎、细支气管炎、肺炎和上呼吸道感染而就诊的急诊室就诊之间的关系。