The Health Consequences of Urban Scaling

城市规模扩张对健康的影响

• 批准号: 10605734
• 负责人: Usama Bilal
• 金额: $ 35.72万
• 依托单位: DREXEL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-07 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10605734
• 关键词: Area; Automobile Driving; COVID-19; COVID-19 pandemic effects; Cessation of life; Cities; Clinical; Code; Data; Education; Emergency Situation; Ethnic Origin; Excess Mortality; Health; Income; Individual; Inequality; Knowledge; Measures; Mentors; Population; Poverty; Race; Testing; Urbanization; design; health inequalities; low socioeconomic status; metropolitan; mortality; pandemic disease; pandemic influenza; parent grant; racial and ethnic; residential segregation; social inequality; stem; urban area

COVID-19 is the most severe health emergency since the 1918 influenza pandemic. However, the impacts of the pandemic have been severely underestimated. First, a number of deaths directly caused by COVID-19 have not been coded as such due to differences in testing capacity, knowledge of clinical manifestations, etc. Second, the pandemic has also had indirect consequences of health, including potential increases or decreases in mortality due to the mitigation measures designed to control the pandemic. Both the direct and indirect impacts of the pandemic have been unequally distributed, as individuals of low socioeconomic status and racial/ethnic minoritized populations have suffered the highest burden of the direct and indirect impacts of the pandemic. These inequalities may be wider in larger cities, as they tend to concentrate both wealth and poverty. However, larger cities also tend to have a healthier population. The overall objective of this study is to examine excess mortality and inequities in excess mortality during 2020 and 2021 in US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), and to explore factors driving excess mortality and its inequities. We will leverage expertise and data acquired through the parent grant and will mentor a set of diverse trainees to uncover inequities and predictors of these inequities in excess mortality that will allow for a better of understanding where and why health inequities are wider and whether these inequities stemmed from direct or indirect impacts of the pandemic. Specifically, we aim to (1) describe excess mortality in the 392 MSAs of the US during 2020 and 2021, and to quantify direct (COVID-19) vs indirect impacts of the pandemic; (2) measure inequities in excess mortality by race/ethnicity and education in 392 MSAs during 2020 and 2021, and to quantify the contributions of direct and indirect impacts of the pandemic on these inequities; and (3) study the association between city size, city-level income inequality, and city-level racialized residential segregation on excess mortality and on inequities in excess mortality, and to examine the differential contribution of these factors to the direct and indirect impacts of the pandemic. In summary, the proposed study will fill significant gaps in our knowledge regarding the unequally distributed impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in urban areas of the US, with a special emphasis on understanding these impacts across the continuum of urbanization, with a focus on social inequality.

Covid-19是自1918年流感大流行以来最严重的健康紧急情况。然而， 大流行的影响已被严重低估。首先，许多死亡 由于测试能力的差异，未直接由Covid-19引起的，因此没有编码。 了解临床表现等。其次，大流行也有间接 健康的后果，包括潜在的增加或因死亡率的增加或降低 旨在控制大流行的缓解措施。直接和间接影响 作为社会经济地位低下的个体，大流行的分布不平等 种族/族裔少数人口遭受了直接负担最高的负担 大流行的间接影响。这些不平等在较大的城市中可能会更广泛，因为它们趋向于 集中财富和贫穷。但是，较大的城市也倾向于更健康 人口。这项研究的总体目的是检查过多的死亡率和不平等 在美国大都市统计区（MSA）的2020年和2021年的死亡率过多，到 探索导致过多死亡率及其不平等的因素。我们将利用专业知识和数据 通过父母赠款获得，并将指导一组不同的学员，以发现 这些不平等的不平等和预测因素过多死亡，这将使更好 了解健康不平等的位置和为什么更广泛，以及这些不平等是否 来自大流行的直接或间接影响。具体来说，我们的目的是（1）描述 在2020年和2021年美国392 MSA中的死亡率过多，并量化直接 （COVID-19）大流行的间接影响； （2）通过 在2020年和2021年，392 MSA的种族/种族和教育，并量化 大流行对这些不平等的直接和间接影响的贡献； （3）研究 城市规模，城市级别收入不平等与城市级别种族化之间的关联 住宅隔离在过度死亡率和过多死亡的不平等方面，以及 检查这些因素对直接和间接影响的差异贡献 大流行。总而言之，拟议的研究将填补我们的有关 美国城市地区的共同19-19大流行对美国城市地区的不平等分布的影响， 特别强调在城市化的连续性中理解这些影响， 专注于社会不平等。

项目成果

Exploring inequalities in life expectancy and lifespan variation by race/ethnicity and urbanicity in the United States: 1990 to 2019.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101230
• 发表时间: 2022-09
• 期刊: SSM-POPULATION HEALTH
• 影响因子: 4.7
• 作者: De Ramos, Isabel P.;Auchincloss, Amy H.;Bilal, Usama
• 通讯作者: Bilal, Usama

How education and racial segregation intersect in neighborhoods with persistently low COVID-19 vaccination rates in Philadelphia.

• DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13414-3
• 发表时间: 2022-05-25
• 期刊: BMC PUBLIC HEALTH
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Rich, John A.;Miech, Edward J.;Bilal, Usama;Corbin, Theodore J.
• 通讯作者: Corbin, Theodore J.

Social inequalities in mobility during and following the COVID-19 associated lockdown of the Madrid metropolitan area in Spain.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102580
• 发表时间: 2021-07
• 期刊: Health & place
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Glodeanu A;Gullón P;Bilal U
• 通讯作者: Bilal U

The effect of population mobility on COVID-19 incidence in 314 Latin American cities: a longitudinal ecological study with mobile phone location data.

• DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(21)00174-6
• 发表时间: 2021-11
• 期刊: The Lancet. Digital health
• 作者: Kephart JL;Delclòs-Alió X;Rodríguez DA;Sarmiento OL;Barrientos-Gutiérrez T;Ramirez-Zea M;Quistberg DA;Bilal U;Diez Roux AV
• 通讯作者: Diez Roux AV

Built environment profiles for Latin American urban settings: The SALURBAL study.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257528
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: PloS one
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Sarmiento OL;Useche AF;Rodriguez DA;Dronova I;Guaje O;Montes F;Stankov I;Wilches MA;Bilal U;Wang X;Guzmán LA;Peña F;Quistberg DA;Guerra-Gomez JA;Diez Roux AV
• 通讯作者: Diez Roux AV