Uncertainty, inference, and introspection in the primate visual system

灵长类动物视觉系统的不确定性、推理和内省

• 批准号: 10606566
• 负责人: Robbe L Goris
• 金额: $ 39.85万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-05-01 至 2026-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10606566
• 关键词: Afferent Neurons; Agnosia; Amblyopia; Animals; Area; Bayesian Analysis; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Paradigm; Brain; Code; Cognition; Communication; Cues; Data; Decision Making; Development; Dyslexia; Environment; Foundations; Goals; Human; Knowledge; Macaca; Measures; Memory; Modeling; Monkeys; Nature; Neurons; Noise; Outcome; Pathology; Perception; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Primates; Probability; Process; Property; Public Health; Reporting; Role; Saccades; Sampling; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Sensory Process; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Surveys; System; Testing; Uncertainty; V1 neuron; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual System; Volatilization; Work; area V1; area striata; autism spectrum disorder; awake; computerized tools; experience; neural; neural circuit; neural correlate; novel; orientation selectivity; response; sample fixation; sensory input; sensory integration; theories; vision science; visual information; visual process; visual processing; willingness

Title Uncertainty, inference, and introspection in the primate visual system Abstract Perceptual systems offer a window onto a world that cannot be known perfectly. Uncertainty about the world can arise externally, when sensory cues are incomplete or contradictory, or internally, when noise corrupts neural representations. Ideal perceptual systems do not ignore uncertainty, but take it into account. For example, if a sensory cue is ambiguous, prior experience should guide the interpretation of the environment. Likewise, the reliability of sensory signals should inform confidence in perceptual decisions. When humans and monkeys perform perceptual tasks, they often follow these normative predictions. This implies that the neural circuits which process sensory information also survey the uncertainty of this information, and put this estimate to use for perceptual inference and perceptual introspection. How they do so is not well understood. A more precise understanding of the neural processing of sensory uncertainty and its role in perception and cognition may help to advance the treatment of pathologies such as agnosia, autism, and schizophrenia. Recently, several theoretical frameworks have been proposed that offer explicit accounts of the neural processing of uncertainty in low-level sensory and high-level decision-making circuits (linear probabilistic population codes, quadratic probabilistic population codes, temporal sampling models, and the curved manifold hypothesis). These developments form the background for this proposal. We will trace the processing of sensory uncertainty from its initial computation and representation in early visual cortex to its eventual use in informing confidence in perceptual decisions and in regulating the integration of sensory signals and prior information in high-level decision-making areas in prefrontal cortex. We will use the data we collect to compare and contrast the predictions of various theories of neural coding. First, we will study V1 population activity in awake, fixating macaques while presenting stimuli whose orientation uncertainty is manipulated in distinct ways. Next, we will examine how neural activity in primary visual cortex informs confidence in a perceptual estimate of stimulus orientation. Finally, we will identify how sensory uncertainty shapes neural population representations in prefrontal cortex during a perceptual inference task. The outcomes of this work will not only enhance our understanding of the visual system, but will also provide a novel experimental paradigm to study perceptual introspection in animals and a novel computational tool for analyzing behavioral confidence reports.

标题 灵长类动物视觉系统中的不确定性，推理和内省 抽象的 感知系统为一个无法完美了解的世界提供了一个窗口。关于世界的不确定性 当感觉线索不完整或矛盾时，当噪声破坏神经时，可能会在外部出现 表示。理想的感知系统不会忽略不确定性，而是考虑到它。例如，如果 感官提示是模棱两可的，先前的经验应指导对环境的解释。同样， 感觉信号的可靠性应告知人们对感知决策的信心。当人类和猴子 执行感知任务，通常遵循这些规范性的预测。这意味着神经回路 过程感官信息还调查了此信息的不确定性，并将此估算用于使用 感知推理和感知内省。他们如何做到这一点并没有很好地理解。更精确 了解感觉不确定性的神经处理及其在感知和认知中的作用可能有助于 为了促进对诸如不可思议，自闭症和精神分裂症等病理的治疗。最近，几个 已经提出了理论框架，以提供不确定性神经处理的明确说明 在低级感觉和高级决策电路中（线性概率人口代码，二次代码 概率种群代码，时间抽样模型和弯曲的歧管假设）。这些 发展构成了该提议的背景。我们将从中追踪感官不确定性的处理 它在早期视觉皮层中的最初计算和表示，以最终用于告知信心 感知决策和调节高级感觉信号和先验信息的整合 前额叶皮层的决策区域。我们将使用收集的数据比较和对比 对神经编码的各种理论的预测。首先，我们将在清醒中研究V1人口活动，固定 猕猴在呈现刺激时以不同的方式操纵其方向不确定性。接下来，我们会的 检查主要视觉皮层中的神经活动如何为对刺激的感知估计的信心提供信心 方向。最后，我们将确定感官不确定性如何塑造 感知推理任务中的前额叶皮层。这项工作的结果不仅会增强我们的 了解视觉系统，但还将提供一种新的实验范式来研究感知 动物的内省和用于分析行为置信度报告的新型计算工具。