Effects of the Built Environment, Crime & Food Prices on BMI, Activity & Eating

建筑环境的影响、犯罪

基本信息

批准号：
7785399
负责人：
NATALIE COLABIANCHI
金额：
$ 44.62万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA AT COLUMBIA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2009-12-04 至 2012-11-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7785399
关键词：
Accounting Adult Affect Censuses Characteristics Cities Consumption Control Groups Crime Data Eating Eating Behavior Education Energy Metabolism Ensure Environment Environmental Risk Factor Epidemic Evaluation Family Food Food Preferences Frequencies Goals Health Health Care Costs Housing Individual Intake Knowledge Life Link Low income Measures Mediating Moderate Exercise Mutation Natural experiment Neighborhoods Obesity Outcome Ownership Participant Persons Physical activity Policy Maker Population Poverty Prevalence Price Public Health Public Housing Public Policy Randomized Randomized Controlled Trials Recreation Relative (related person)Reporting Research Research Design Research Personnel Resources Role Solutions Time Walking base cost effective density design experience fast food follow-up food consumption fruits and vegetables health economics interest land use programs public health relevance response statistics weight loss intervention

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): One of the greatest public health challenges in the US is the epidemic of obesity. Support for an association between the environment and physical activity, eating behavior and, to a lesser extent, obesity has been recently documented. While these associations may represent a causal relationship, there are several possible alternative explanations that previous research has not adequately ruled out. For example, a person that values and enjoys walking is more likely to move to a walkable neighborhood; so the effect of neighborhood is likely confounded with individual attributes. The Moving to Opportunity for Fair Housing Demonstration (MTO) provides an excellent setting to examine the role of neighborhood characteristics on obesity, physical activity and fruit/vegetable intake. The goal of MTO was to determine whether persons who moved to "better" neighborhoods would experience improvements in a variety of outcomes such as education, economic and health compared to similar persons who did not move. To ensure that comparisons were made between similar persons, families were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the experimental group (who were required to move to census tracts where less than 10% of persons lived in poverty), the Section 8 group and the control group. The key advantage of the MTO data is participants were randomized to treatment and control groups, which would likely eliminate any baseline differences among these groups. Since many weight loss interventions fail, an important finding of the MTO study was that adult participants (N=3526) in the experimental group had a significantly lower BMI 4 to 7 years after randomization compared to controls. Additionally, those in the experimental group had a higher frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption and those in the Section 8 experimental group had a greater frequency of physical activity relative to controls. Thus the purpose of our research is to examine whether the differences in these outcomes seen across study groups were mediated by attributes of the participant's environment. In other words, we will examine whether those in the experimental groups were more likely to be exposed to supportive environments, and whether differences in environmental characteristics explain the treatment (i.e., randomization) effect. This study will link MTO Interim Evaluation data with environmental characteristics of participant's neighborhoods. The MTO Interim Evaluation included information on health outcomes including BMI, physical activity levels and consumption of fruit and vegetables along with demographic information. Environmental characteristics that will be collected and linked with the Interim Evaluation include: food availability, food prices, commercially and publicly available physical activity resources, city-sponsored recreation centers, connectivity of streets, land use, residential density, crime statistics and census data.

描述（由申请人提供）：美国最大的公共卫生挑战之一是肥胖症的流行。最近有证据表明，环境与身体活动、饮食行为以及（较小程度上）肥胖之间存在关联。虽然这些关联可能代表因果关系，但之前的研究尚未充分排除几种可能的替代解释。例如，一个重视并喜欢步行的人更有可能搬到适合步行的社区；因此，邻域的影响可能与个体属性相混淆。转向公平住房机会示范 (MTO) 提供了一个绝佳的环境来研究社区特征对肥胖、体力活动和水果/蔬菜摄入量的影响。 MTO 的目标是确定搬到“更好”社区的人与没有搬家的类似人相比，在教育、经济和健康等各种结果方面是否会得到改善。为了确保在相似的人之间进行比较，家庭被随机分配到三组之一：实验组（他们被要求搬到人口普查区，其中贫困人口的比例低于 10%）、第 8 部分组和对照组。 MTO 数据的主要优点是参与者被随机分为治疗组和对照组，这可能会消除这些组之间的任何基线差异。由于许多减肥干预措施都失败了，MTO 研究的一个重要发现是，与对照组相比，实验组中的成年参与者 (N=3526) 在随机化后 4 至 7 年内的 BMI 显着较低。此外，与对照组相比，实验组的人食用水果和蔬菜的频率更高，而第 8 部分实验组的人进行体力活动的频率更高。因此，我们研究的目的是检查不同研究组之间的这些结果的差异是否是由参与者的环境属性介导的。换句话说，我们将检查实验组中的人是否更有可能接触支持性环境，以及环境特征的差异是否可以解释治疗（即随机化）效果。本研究将 MTO 中期评估数据与参与者社区的环境特征联系起来。 MTO 中期评估包括有关健康结果的信息，包括 BMI、体力活动水平、水果和蔬菜的消费量以及人口统计信息。将收集并与中期评估联系起来的环境特征包括：粮食供应、粮食价格、商业和公开的体育活动资源、城市赞助的娱乐中心、街道连通性、土地使用、住宅密度、犯罪统计和人口普查数据。