Identifying alcohol-related and built environment factors that can be modified to prevent pedestrian road traffic death

确定可以修改的与酒精相关的和建筑环境因素，以防止行人道路交通死亡

• 批准号: 10602550
• 负责人: Andrew G Rundle
• 金额: $ 65.96万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-06-15 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10602550
• 关键词: Address; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Automobiles; Businesses; Case/Control Studies; Censuses; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Cities; City Planning; Complex; Computer Assisted; Consumption; Data; Development; Development Plans; Economic Development; Economics; Environment; Geography; Health; Homeless persons; Homelessness; Image; Individual; Infrastructure; Injury; Intoxication; Licensing; Location; Maps; Measures; Modification; Municipalities; Neighborhoods; Neon; Online Systems; Public Policy; Reporting; Research; Research Project Grants; Research Support; Restaurants; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Safety; Sales; Sampling; Services; Shelter facility; Social Environment; Structure; System; Technology; Testing; Time; Travel; United States; Urban Developments; Visual; Visualization; Walking; alcohol involvement; alcohol risk; annotation system; application programming interface; billboard; built environment; case control; design; distilled alcoholic beverage; distraction; injured; innovation; interest; land use; method development; modifiable risk; pedestrian injury; prevent; statistics; tool; trend; urban planning; virtual; walkability

Every year in the United States automobiles kill about 6,000 pedestrians and injure another 70,000, a significant health burden, especially for cities where pedestrian deaths and injuries are most common. Over 35% of all fatally struck pedestrians are under the influence of alcohol at the time they are killed. Many cities are developing and promoting nightlife districts, prominently featuring alcohol-serving establishments, as part of economic development plans to revitalize urban spaces. By clustering alcohol outlets, these urban initiatives may also cluster intoxicated pedestrians near intoxicated or distracted drivers. Currently, research and public policies focused on preventing pedestrian fatalities fail to account for the built environments pedestrians walk into when they leave alcohol-serving establishments, despite the risks these environments pose for pedestrian injuries and fatalities. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that homeless individuals are at particular risk for pedestrian injury, and they make up a significant percentage (~25%) of the pedestrians killed while under the influence of alcohol. Cities across the U.S. are developing plans to prevent all pedestrian fatalities, yet none of these city plans even mention the role of alcohol use by pedestrians or have action items to address this modifiable risk factor. The broad objective of this proposal is to conduct a nationwide geographic case-control study of pedestrian fatalities to identify modifiable retail, built, economic and social environment risk factors within cities, especially risk factors related to alcohol sales and consumption. Case locations will be urban street segments or intersections where pedestrians were fatally struck from 2017-2018 and two control locations, street segments or intersections where fatalities did not occur, will be matched to the case locations. The presence of alcohol retail establishments (e.g. bars, clubs, liquor stores), nightlife districts, services for the homeless and encampments and informal sheltering locations (e.g. bridges and overpasses) will serve as the key independent variables of interest. We hypothesize that alcohol-involved pedestrian fatalities are a distinct subtype of pedestrian fatality and have different built environment risk factor profiles from pedestrian fatalities that do not involve alcohol. Neighborhood-, street- and intersection-level features for case and control locations will be measured via GIS analyses and via neighborhood audits conducted using Google Street View and our online research tool, the Computer Assisted Neighborhood Visual Assessment System (CANVAS). As part of this proposal we will expand the capabilities of CANVAS for conducting nationwide virtual neighborhood audits via Google Street View. We will also test whether proximity to retail alcohol outlets, nightlife districts or services for the homeless increases risk for pedestrian fatality and whether this risk is heightened by built environments that: encourage pedestrian activity; place pedestrians near road traffic; or cause distractions to pedestrians or drivers. This project will be highly innovative as the first national study to identify modifiable environmental characteristics related to alcohol as potential solutions to reduce pedestrian injury risk within cities.

每年在美国，汽车杀死约6,000名行人，再伤害70,000，这是重大的 健康负担，特别是对于最常见的行人死亡和伤害的城市。超过35％ 致命的行人在被杀时受到酒精的影响。许多城市正在发展 并促进夜生活区，以饮酒场所为特色，作为经济的一部分 开发计划振兴城市空间。通过聚集酒精插座，这些城市倡议也可能 聚集在醉酒或分心的驾驶员附近的陶醉的行人。目前，研究和公共政策 专注于防止行人死亡的人无法解决行人的建筑环境 他们留下了饮酒场所，尽管这些环境有行人伤害的风险，并且 死亡。此外，新兴的证据表明，无家可归者有行人的危险 受伤，他们占行人的很大比例（约25％）在 酒精。美国各地的城市正在制定预防所有行人死亡的计划，但这些城市都没有 计划甚至提及行人使用酒精的作用或有行动项目来应对这种可修改的风险 因素。该提议的广泛目的是对全国地理案例对照进行研究 行人死亡人数以确定城市内可修改的零售，建造，经济和社会环境风险因素， 特别是与酒精销售和消费有关的风险因素。案例位置将是Urban Street细分市场或 从2017 - 2018年开始致命袭击行人的交叉路口和两个控制地点，街道段 或未发生死亡的交叉点将与案件位置相匹配。酒精的存在 零售场所（例如酒吧，俱乐部，酒类商店），夜生活区，无家可归者的服务 营地和非正式庇护所（例如桥梁和立交桥）将作为主要独立 感兴趣的变量。我们假设涉及酒精的行人死亡是一个独特的亚型 行人死亡，并具有行人死亡的不同建筑环境风险因素概况 涉及酒精。案例和控制位置的邻里，街道和交叉级特征将是 通过GIS分析和使用Google Street View和我们的在线进行的邻里审核来衡量 研究工具，计算机辅助邻里视觉评估系统（画布）。作为其中的一部分 提案我们将扩大画布的能力，以通过 Google Street View。我们还将测试是否接近零售酒精店，夜生活区或服务 无家可归者增加了行人死亡的风险，以及通过建筑环境增加这种风险的风险： 鼓励行人活动；将行人放在道路交通附近；或给行人或司机造成干扰。 作为第一个确定可修改环境特征的国家研究，该项目将是高度创新的 与酒精作为潜在解决方案有关，以减少城市内行人伤害风险。