Animal Assisted Intervention with Dogs for Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; Exploring Candidate Physiological Markers of Response to AAI

对患有注意力缺陷/多动症儿童的狗进行动物辅助干预；

• 批准号: 10262951
• 负责人: Sabrina Elayne Brierley Schuck
• 金额: $ 19.63万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-11 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10262951
• 关键词: Acute; Animals; Arousal; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Autonomic nervous system; Behavioral; Biological Markers; Biosocial; Canis familiaris; Child; Development; Dopamine; Evidence based intervention; Foundations; Healthcare; Hydrocortisone; Individual Differences; Integrative Medicine; Intervention; Life; Measures; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Modeling; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Norepinephrine; Outcome; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Physiological; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevalence; Randomized Clinical Trials; Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials; Research; Risk; Role; Salivary; Site; Social Interaction; System; Time; United States; Uric Acid; Work; alpha-amylase; behavioral outcome; cognitive function; cost; executive function; heart rate variability; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; improved; improved outcome; psychosocial; response; response biomarker; side effect; social; treatment adherence; treatment response

SSCHUCK_R21_20-033 PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly occurring neurodevelopmental disorder in the United States, with current prevalence between 8% and 11% (Visser et al., 2014). Evidence-based interventions include stimulant medications and psychosocial treatments but these practices are not always feasible or acceptable due to adverse side-effects, cost, availability, and poor treatment adherence and these children remain at significant risk for poor life outcomes. ADHD is considered to be a result of a physiological disruption of select catecholaminergic systems (e.g. dopamine, norepinephrine) and related under-arousal of cognitive functions of the pre-frontal cortex involved in executive functioning (EF; Godinez et al., 2015). Research indicates that AAI with dogs is effective for improving social-behavioral outcomes related to EF deficits (Schuck, et al., 2018a; 2018b). The mechanisms by which AAI improves outcomes for this group and mediators of these outcomes, however, is not yet understood. These gaps in understanding hinder progress in the application of AAI, and limit the acceptability and availability of this integrative health care practice. Our bio-social mechanistic hypothesis contends that dogs elicit physiological responses related to arousal of EF systems, thereby enhancing response to treatments. Furthermore, candidate individual differences potentially mediate outcomes. This work will explore these hypotheses by: 1) replicating findings from our previous AAI RCT, 2) exploring physiological responses to AAI over time, and 3) ascertaining if individual differences during AAI mediate primary and/or exploratory main outcomes. We suspect AAI will result in enhanced social-behavioral outcomes and improved diurnal patterns of HPA and ANS activity for these children. Furthermore, we suspect acute physiological responses to AAI (markers of HPA & ANS) and social interaction quality (child/child and child/dog) will mediate main outcomes. To explore these hypotheses, we will conduct an exploratory parallel-group randomized controlled clinical trial with 48 young children with ADHD, participating in psychosocial intervention with or without AAI using our manualized AAI model developed and found successful in our prior work. This work will yield the first information on candidate mechanisms thought to play an important role in AAI for children with ADHD, thus laying foundations for development of a fully powered, multi-site randomized clinical trial aimed to better inform approaches and promote acceptability and availability of AAI for children with special needs. Animal Assisted Intervention with Dogs for Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; Exploring Candidate Physiological Markers of Response to AAI

SSCHUCK_R21_20-033 项目摘要/摘要 注意力缺陷/多动症（ADHD）是最常见的 美国神经发育障碍，当前患病率在8％至 11％（Visser等，2014）。基于证据的干预措施包括兴奋剂和 社会心理治疗，但由于这些实践并不总是可行的或由于 不利的副作用，成本，可用性和治疗依从性不佳，这些孩子仍然存在 有很大的生活结果风险。多动症被认为是生理的结果 选择儿茶酚胺能系统（例如多巴胺，去甲肾上腺素）和相关的破坏 前额外皮层的认知功能不足，参与执行功能 （EF; Godinez等，2015）。研究表明，狗的AAI可有效改善 与EF缺陷有关的社会行为成果（Schuck等，2018a; 2018b）。这 AAI改善该组的结果和这些介体的机制 但是，结果尚未理解。这些差距在理解阻碍进步的差距 AAI的应用，并限制此综合健康的可接受性和可用性 护理实践。我们的生物社会机理假设认为狗会引起生理 与EF系统的唤醒有关的反应，从而增强对治疗的反应。 此外，候选人的个体差异可能会介导结果。这项工作将 通过：1）复制我们以前的AAI RCT的发现，2）探索这些假设 随着时间的推移，对AAI的生理反应，以及3）确定AAI期间的个体差异是否存在 介导初级和/或探索性主要结果。我们怀疑AAI会导致增强 社交行为的结果和改善的HPA和ANS活动的改善 孩子们。此外，我们怀疑对AAI的急性生理反应（HPA＆ ANS）和社交互动质量（儿童和儿童/狗）将调解主要结果。到 探索这些假设，我们将进行探索性平行组随机控制 与48名患有多动症的年幼儿童一起参加临床试验，与OR一起参加社会心理干预 如果没有AAI使用我们的手动AAI模型，则在我们的先前工作中开发并获得了成功。 这项工作将产生有关被认为发挥重要作用的候选机制的第一个信息 在AAI中为患有多动症儿童的角色，从而为发展完全动力的，奠定了基础 多站点随机临床试验旨在更好地告知方法并促进可接受性 以及为有特殊需要的儿童提供AAI。 动物辅助干预患有注意力缺陷/多动症的儿童的狗； 探索对AAI反应的候选生理标记