Assessing the impact, equity, and mechanisms of a novel policy intervention to reduce tobacco retailer density in communities

评估降低社区烟草零售商密度的新颖政策干预的影响、公平性和机制

• 批准号: 10586496
• 负责人: Daniel Philip Giovenco
• 金额: $ 58.39万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-02-01 至 2028-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10586496
• 关键词: Adult; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Mechanisms; Case Study; Characteristics; Charge; Cities; Communities; Community Health; Contracts; Data; Disparity; Economically Deprived Population; Empirical Research; Ensure; Environment; Environmental Impact; Equity; Ethnic Origin; Evaluation Research; Excision; Goals; Grant; Health; Health Surveys; Income; Individual; Intervention; Interview; Licensing; Link; Low income; Marketing; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Municipalities; Neighborhoods; New York City; Pattern; Perception; Pharmacy facility; Philadelphia; Policies; Policy Developments; Population; Public Health; Public Policy; Race; Research; Respondent; Sales; Sampling; San Francisco; Scientist; Site; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Structure; Subgroup; Testing; Time; Time trend; Tobacco; Tobacco use; United States National Institutes of Health; Variant; behavior change; career; cigarette smoking; community engaged research; comparative; demographics; density; falls; frontier; health disparity; health equity; health equity promotion; improved; inequitable distribution; interest; intervention effect; marginalization; marginalized population; novel; novel strategies; population survey; preventable death; public policy on tobacco; social disparities; sociodemographics; socioeconomic disparity; spatial epidemiology; substance use; tobacco control; tobacco products; trend

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Tobacco retailer density is disproportionately high in low-income communities and certain racial/ethnic enclaves, contributing to severe socioeconomic and social disparities in smoking and its resultant health harms. Local, environmental-level interventions that aim to reduce the number of tobacco retailers are a new policy frontier in tobacco control that may be particularly effective in promoting health equity, but the impact of these initiatives is critically understudied in real-world settings. Three major US cities – San Francisco, Philadelphia, and New York City (NYC) – recently enacted novel measures that establish caps on the number of tobacco retail licenses permitted in city districts. Density reduction under this intervention occurs not through license revocation, but gradually through retailer attrition. The effects of these “capping” policies on retailer density reduction and the resultant tobacco product marketplace largely depend on temporal, spatial, and store-level patterns in license forfeiture, which are not well-understood. Moreover, to comprehensively assess public health impact, it is critical to conduct stakeholder analyses after implementation, describe the policy’s impact on and mechanisms of behavior change, and identify potential unintended effects. The proposed mixed-methods, comparative case study will use archival tobacco retail licensing data, annual audits of tobacco retailers, semi-structured interviews with key community stakeholders, and geocoded health survey data to evaluate this intervention and examine differential policy impact across neighborhoods and population subgroups. Specifically, the project will: 1) Measure tobacco retailer density reduction and its association with community demographics across study sites; 2) Longitudinally characterize changes in the tobacco marketplace during policy implementation; 3) Qualitatively assess key stakeholder perceptions of the policy, its mechanisms of action, and its behavioral impact; and 4) Identify associations between tobacco retailer density reduction and smoking trends in NYC neighborhoods using a unique, annual population survey with geocoded respondent data. Given the lack of empirical support for this nascent, environmental-level tobacco control intervention, study results will provide timely, essential, and experiential evidence to inform equitable policy formation and improve implementation in order to maximize impact and reduce persistent health disparities.

项目摘要/摘要 烟草零售商密度在低收入社区和某些种族/族裔的高度不高 飞地，导致严重的社会经济和社会差异，是健康的 危害旨在减少烟草零售商数量的本地，环境级别的干预措施 烟草控制中的政策边界可能在促进健康公平方面特别有效，但其影响 美国三个主要城市弗朗西斯科，三个美国主要城市弗朗西斯科，三个美国主要城市。 费城和纽约市（纽约市） - 最近制定了新的措施，这些措施确立了这一数字的上限。 城市地区允许的烟草零售许可证。 许可证撤销，但逐渐地，这些对零售商的“零售商政策”政策。 密度修订和由此产生的烟草产品市场大小取决于时间空间 商店级别的模式在没收的许可证没收中。 公共卫生的影响，在Imbolicy's之后进行利益相关者分析至关重要 对行为变化的影响和机制，并确定潜在的意外影响 混合方法，比较案例将使用档案烟草零售许可数据，年度审核 烟草零售商，与关键社区利益持有人的半结构化访谈以及地理编码健康调查 数据评估该实习生并检查邻居引擎盖和人群之间的差异政策影响 该项目的子组将：1）烟草零售商密度降低 跨研究网站的人口统计； 2）纵向表征了烟草的变化 政策实施期间的市场； 3）定性评估关键利益相关者对政策的看法 行动机制及其行为影响 使用地理编码的独特的年度调查，纽约市社区的减少和吸烟趋势 受访者数据缺乏对新生的环境级别烟草控制的经验支持 干预，研究结果将为信息提供及时，基本和经验的证据 形成并改善改善，以最大程度地影响影响并减少持续的健康差异。