The Role of Bilingualism in Cognitive and Brain Resilience: Addressing the Complexity

双语在认知和大脑弹性中的作用：解决复杂性

• 批准号: 10582120
• 负责人: Jessica Anne Deleon
• 金额: $ 79.03万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-04-15 至 2028-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10582120
• 关键词: Address; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease related dementia; Area; Behavioral; Biological Markers; Brain; Caring; Clinical; Cognition; Cognitive; Data; Dementia; Development; Diagnosis; Goals; Imaging Techniques; Individual; Knowledge; Language; Maintenance; Measures; Memory; Multimodal Imaging; Nerve Degeneration; Neuropsychology; Pathology; Pattern; Performance; Persons; Population; Positioning Attribute; Positron-Emission Tomography; Predisposition; Primary Progressive Aphasia; Prospective, cohort study; Research; Resistance; Role; Structure; Symptoms; Syndrome; Testing; Time; Variant; Visuospatial; bilingualism; cerebral atrophy; clinical care; clinical phenotype; cognitive performance; cohort; executive function; experience; gray matter; healthy aging; improved; insight; multidisciplinary; neural; neuroimaging; neuropathology; prevent; protective effect; resilience; social culture; sociocultural determinant; white matter

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT Bilingualism may protect against cognitive and brain changes in both healthy aging and Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) through enhanced executive functioning, arising from the need to constantly manage two or more languages. However, studies have yielded mixed results, and there remains an unknown role of bilingualism in 1) resistance to the development of neuropathology and in 2) resilience, the maintenance of cognition and/or brain structure in the presence of neuropathology burden. Further research to clarify the protective role of bilingualism in aging and ADRD is crucial and highly relevant, considering that over half of the world’s population and more than 20% of the US population speak two or more languages. This proposal will help clarify the role of bilingualism in healthy aging and in Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) by addressing the nuances underlying bilingualism, sociocultural factors, executive functioning, and dementia diagnoses. We hypothesize that bilingualism contributes to resistance and resilience through both network-specific (language and executive functioning) and domain-general effects, and its impact is moderated by bilingualism and sociocultural factors, type of executive functioning task, and AD variant. Our long-term goal is to develop a framework for bilingualism’s influence on resistance and resilience. We will leverage a well-characterized, prospectively studied cohort of monolingual and bilingual speakers at the UCSF Memory and Aging Center who span the range of healthy aging (N = 200) and AD variants (N = 400). This cohort is unique in its scope of longitudinal (2+ timepoints) neuropsychological, bilingualism/sociocultural, neuroimaging, and AD biomarker data. In Aim 1, we will determine which aspects of bilingualism contribute to a protective effect on executive functioning. We will group healthy aging and AD variant bilingual speakers based on bilingualism and sociocultural factors and assess for differences on cognitive measures and neuroimaging findings. In Aims 2 and 3, we will determine if bilingualism is associated with resistance and resilience by comparing monolingual and bilingual speakers within healthy aging and AD variant groups. We will test for differences between groups in grey matter (GM) volume and white matter (WM) integrity (Aim 2) and AD proteinopathy (Aim 3) and correlate the findings with performance on cognitive measures. We are well-suited to complete these aims given our exceptional multidisciplinary team with expertise in the neural underpinnings of language, clinical phenotyping of aging and AD, cognitive resilience, and multimodal imaging. Accomplishing these aims will significantly impact the field of ADRD research by give important insight into the neural basis of bilingualism and its influence on the trajectory of healthy aging and ADRD, thereby improving care for individuals with diverse language backgrounds.

项目概要/摘要 双语可以预防健康老龄化和阿尔茨海默病中的认知和大脑变化 和相关痴呆症（ADRD），通过增强执行功能，由于需要不断地 管理两种或多种语言。然而，研究得出的结果好坏参半，而且仍然存在一个未知数。 双语在 1) 抵抗神经病理学发展和 2) 恢复力、维持神经病理学方面的作用 存在神经病理学负担的情况下的认知和/或大脑结构的进一步研究以澄清。 考虑到超过一半的人认为双语在衰老和 ADRD 中的保护作用至关重要且高度相关。 世界人口和超过 20% 的美国人口会说两种或多种语言。 通过解决以下问题，帮助阐明双语在健康老龄化和阿尔茨海默氏痴呆 (AD) 中的作用 双语、社会文化因素、执行功能和痴呆症诊断背后的细微差别。 培养双语有助于通过特定网络（语言 和执行功能）和领域一般效应，其影响受到双语和 社会文化因素、执行功能任务类型和 AD 变体。 我们将利用一个特征明确的双语对抵抗力和复原力的影响框架。 加州大学旧金山分校记忆与衰老中心对单语和双语使用者进行的前瞻性研究 他们涵盖了健康老龄化 (N = 200) 和 AD 变体 (N = 400) 的范围。 纵向（2 个以上时间点）神经心理学、双语/社会文化、神经影像学和 AD 生物标志物 在目标 1 中，我们将确定双语的哪些方面有助于对执行力产生保护作用。 我们将根据双语能力和功能对健康老龄化和 AD 变异双语使用者进行分组。 社会文化因素并评估认知测量和神经影像学结果的差异。 3、我们将通过比较单语来确定双语是否与抵抗力和复原力相关 我们将测试组之间的差异。 灰质 (GM) 体积和白质 (WM) 完整性（目标 2）和 AD 蛋白病（目标 3）以及 将研究结果与认知测量的表现联系起来我们非常适合完成这些目标。 鉴于我们杰出的多学科团队在语言、临床的神经基础方面拥有专业知识 衰老和 AD 的表型分析、认知弹性和多模态成像将实现这些目标。 通过对双语的神经基础提供重要见解，对 ADRD 研究领域产生了重大影响 及其对健康老龄化和 ADRD 轨迹的影响，从而改善对患有 ADRD 的个人的护理 不同的语言背景。