Mechanisms limiting visual performance in retinal degenerations

视网膜变性中限制视觉表现的机制

• 批准号: 7641789
• 负责人: James JASON McAnany
• 金额: $ 7.97万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7641789
• 关键词: Award; Blindness; Clinical; Clinical Skills; Contrast Sensitivity; Data; Degenerative Disorder; Depth Perception; Disease; Disease Progression; Electroretinography; Environment; Evaluation; Faculty; Foundations; Functional disorder; Goals; Hereditary Retinal Dystrophy; Image; Individual; Knowledge; Laboratories; Letters; Mediating; Mentors; Methodology; Methods; Motion; Noise; Outcome; Patients; Performance; Persons; Phase; Positioning Attribute; Principal Investigator; Process; Research; Retinal; Retinal Degeneration; Retinitis Pigmentosa; Secure; Signal Transduction; Solid; Stimulus; Techniques; Testing; Therapeutic Intervention; Vision; Vision Tests; Visual; Visual Pathways; Work; base; design; innovation; visual performance

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Retinal degenerative diseases are the leading cause of unbeatable blindness in the industrialized world. Individuals with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), one of the most frequently occurring blinding hereditary retinal dystrophies, can have profound spatial contrast sensitivity (CS) deficits of unknown origin. Because contrast processing forms the basis for form, motion, and depth perception, evaluation of CS can provide a sensitive assessment of visual performance deficits. However, CS tests have potentially serious limitations in their current form, and the paucity of information regarding the factors underlying CS deficits is a fundamental impediment to developing better testing strategies. The goals of this award are to: 1) provide the applicant with clinical skills and a fundamental knowledge of ocular diseases; 2) apply this knowledge to develop an innovative testing strategy for identifying the mechanisms underlying CS losses in persons with RP. During the mentored phase, the applicant will master clinical vision testing methods, such as electroretinography and retinal imaging, while conducting mentored research. This phase will culminate in the applicant securing a tenure-track faculty position and developing a laboratory focused on determining the relationship between retinal pathophysiology and visual dysfunction. The independent phase will focus on two specific research aims: Aim 1 is to develop an optimized visual-noise-based testing strategy for evaluating letter CS that is not subject to the limitations of current tests. Noise-based techniques provide more information than standard tests because performance is factored into three independent underlying mechanisms: both additive and multiplicative noise within the visual pathway, and the ability to extract the signal from the noise. However, several issues regarding noise-based tests have been identified in pilot work, and these issues must be resolved to establish an optimized test. Aim 2 will apply the optimized testing strategy to persons with RP to identify the factors underlying CS losses. It has been suggested that high levels of additive noise underlie CS deficits in individuals with RP, but empirical data have not been obtained to evaluate this hypothesis

描述（由申请人提供）：视网膜退行性疾病是工业化世界中无与伦比的失明的主要原因。色素性视网膜炎（RP）是最常见的致盲性遗传性视网膜营养不良症之一，患有色素性视网膜炎（RP）的个体可能存在来源不明的严重空间对比敏感度（CS）缺陷。由于对比度处理构成了形式、运动和深度感知的基础，因此 CS 的评估可以提供对视觉表现缺陷的敏感评估。然而，CS 测试目前的形式存在潜在的严重局限性，并且缺乏有关 CS 缺陷背后因素的信息是开发更好的测试策略的根本障碍。该奖项的目标是：1）为申请人提供 具有眼科疾病的临床技能和基础知识； 2) 应用这些知识来开发创新的测试策略，以识别 RP 患者 CS 损失的机制。在指导阶段，申请人将在进行指导研究的同时掌握临床视力测试方法，例如视网膜电图和视网膜成像。这一阶段的最终目标是申请人获得终身教授职位，并建立一个专注于确定视网膜病理生理学和视觉功能障碍之间关系的实验室。独立阶段将重点关注两个具体研究目标：目标 1 是开发一种优化的基于视觉噪声的测试策略，用于评估字母 CS，不受当前测试的限制。基于噪声的技术比标准测试提供更多信息，因为性能被分解为三个独立的基本机制：视觉通路内的加性和乘性噪声，以及从噪声中提取信号的能力。然而，在试点工作中已经发现了有关基于噪声的测试的几个问题，必须解决这些问题才能建立优化的测试。目标 2 将优化测试策略应用于 RP 人员，以确定 CS 损失的潜在因素。有人认为，高水平的加性噪声​​是 RP 个体 CS 缺陷的基础，但尚未获得经验数据来评估这一假设