Evaluation of California's 2020 chlorpyrifos cancellation on health and exposure in agricultural communities

加州2020年取消毒死蜱对农业社区健康和暴露的影响评估

• 批准号: 10260580
• 负责人: Sheryl Magzamen
• 金额: $ 19万
• 依托单位: COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-10 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10260580
• 关键词: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors; Adult; Agriculture; Air Pollution; Area; Biological Markers; Birth length; Calendar; California; Cancer Etiology; Chemicals; Childhood; Chlorpyrifos; Citrus; Cohort Studies; Collection; Communities; Congenital Abnormality; Data; Databases; Development; Disease; Disease Outcome; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Health; Epidemiology; Evaluation; Exposure to; Foundations; Health; House Dust; Household; Human; Inflammation; Insecticides; Juglans; Leukotriene E4; Linear Regressions; Link; Literature; Long-Term Effects; Longitudinal Studies; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Natural experiment; Nervous System Physiology; Neurocognitive Deficit; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurodevelopmental Deficit; Observational epidemiology; Occupational Health; Organophosphates; Outcome; Parents; Participant; Pesticides; Policies; Public Health; Quasi-experiment; Registries; Regulation; Research; Research Infrastructure; Restaurants; Sales; Sampling; Seasons; Smoking; Testing; Time; United States; Urine; Vulnerable Populations; Work; Workplace; agricultural community; agricultural pesticide; agricultural region; base; cohort; community organizations; cost; cytokine; environmental chemical; environmental justice; environmental pesticide exposure; epidemiology study; exposed human population; health assessment; hydroxypyridine; improved; inflammatory marker; instrument; novel; operation; pesticide exposure; pollutant; population health; recruit; reproductive; respiratory; respiratory health; response; systemic inflammatory response; tool; toxic organophosphate insecticide exposure; urinary

Abstract Organophosphate pesticides have been associated with several negative health outcomes, including cancer, neurodegenerative disease, impaired neurocognitive development, and adverse respiratory health effects. Specifically, the insecticide chlorpyrifos, which was banned from indoor use in the United States in 2000, has been under federal consideration to be discontinued from use in agriculture. In 2020, the State of California took the unprecedented action of banning chlorpyrifos in all agricultural applications by the end of the calendar year. This policy results in a unique natural experiment to determine changes in exposure and associated health effects to chlorpyrifos in the state. As the Central Valley of California is one of the most fertile agricultural regions in the world, this shift in pesticide use may have short-term and long-term effects on Valley residents who have household exposure based on community proximity to agricultural operations. Though California has an extensive publicly available agricultural pesticide application database (California Pesticide Use Registry), current data availability is generally delayed by two years. As such, evaluation of exposure changes in Valley communities and residents may not be documented for several years. Following, collection of biomarkers of exposure among Valley residents will provide the most rapid evidence of changes in exposure and concomitant health outcomes. Based on our previous work in the Central Valley, we have recruited a cohort of residents who live in four communities with high exposure to organophosphate pesticides including chlorpyrifos. In partnership with a long-standing environmental justice community organization in the region, we will leverage this existing cohort of 70 adult residents to determine exposure and associated short-term health effects prior to implementation of the ban and post-ban. We will recruit an additional 90 adult residents across the original four high exposure communities, two additional high exposure communities and one control community to determine change in exposure associated with the ban. We will evaluate pesticides in household dust and in urine, to determine changes in chlorpyrifos levels and potential changes in other pesticides that may serve as chemical replacements for chlorpyrifos (Aim 1). In addition, we will measure biomarkers of inflammation to determine if there are short term health effects that can be evaluated in the year after the California ban (Aim 2). Our proposed inflammatory markers underlie many disease states associated with pesticide exposure and allows us to develop a cohort to ascertain long-term health effects of the chlorpyrifos ban. This time-sensitive mechanism allows us a novel opportunity to add to the epidemiological literature on the health effects of chlorpyrifos, and evaluation of state-level policies to serve as a mechanism for potential improvements in environmental health.

抽象的 有机磷酸盐农药与包括癌症在内的几种负面健康结果有关 神经退行性疾病，神经认知发展受损和不良呼吸健康影响。 具体而言，2000年在美国禁止使用室内使用的杀虫剂的毒性毒性菌属已有 受到联邦考虑，以免在农业中使用。 2020年，加利福尼亚州采取了 在日历年末，在所有农业申请中禁止毒死rif的前所未有的行动。 该政策导致独特的自然实验，以确定暴露和相关健康的变化 对该州的毒死rif的影响。由于加利福尼亚的中央山谷是最肥沃的农业地区之一 在世界上，这种农药使用的这种转变可能会对拥有的山谷居民产生短期和长期影响 基于社区邻近农业业务的家庭接触。虽然加利福尼亚有一个 广泛可用的公共农业农药应用程序数据库（加利福尼亚农药使用登记册）， 当前的数据可用性通常延迟两年。因此，评估山谷的暴露变化 几年来，社区和居民可能不会记录下来。以下，收集的生物标志物 山谷居民之间的暴露将提供最快的证据证明暴露和伴随的变化 健康结果。根据我们以前在中央山谷的工作，我们招募了一群居民 居住在四个社区，高暴露于包括毒性磷酸化的有机磷酸盐农药。合伙 在该地区一个长期存在的环境正义社区组织中，我们将利用这一现有的 70名成年居民的队列，以确定暴露和相关的短期健康影响 实施禁令和后期。我们将在原来的四个中招募另外90名成年居民 高曝光社区，两个额外的高曝光社区和一个控制社区来确定 与禁令相关的暴露变化。我们将评估家庭灰尘和尿液中的农药 确定毒死rif虫水平的变化以及其他农药的潜在变化，可能用作化学 替代毒死rif（AIM 1）。此外，我们将测量炎症的生物标志物，以确定是否是否 加利福尼亚禁令后的一年，可以评估短期的健康影响（AIM 2）。我们提出的 许多与农药暴露相关的疾病状态是炎症标记，使我们能够发展 毒死rif虫禁令的长期健康影响的队列。这种时间敏感的机制使我们 增加有关毒死rif虫健康影响的流行病学文献的新机会，并评估 国家级政策是一种潜在改善环境健康的机制。