Engineering microbiomes and their molecular determinants for production of butyrate and secondary bile acids from resistant starch

利用抗性淀粉生产丁酸和次级胆汁酸的工程微生物组及其分子决定因素

• 批准号: 10241907
• 负责人: Thomas M Schmidt
• 金额: $ 38.03万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10241907
• 关键词: Age; Agonist; Anabolism; Anaerobic Bacteria; Attenuated; Bacteria; Bifidobacterium; Bile Acids; Binding; Biogenesis; Bioinformatics; Biological Models; Butyrates; Carbohydrates; Carbon; Cell Fraction; Cell Nucleus; Cell Respiration; Cells; Clinical; Communities; Consumption; Energy-Generating Resources; Engineering; Environment; Enzymes; Epithelial Cells; Excision; Exposure to; Fermentation; Fiber; Food Webs; Gene Expression; Germ-Free; Gnotobiotic; Goals; Gut Mucosa; Harvest; Human; Hydrogen; Hydrolase; Hydrolysis; In Vitro; Incidence; Inflammation; Internet; Measures; Mediating; Mesalamine; Metabolic; Metabolism; Microbe; Mitochondria; Modeling; Molecular; Molecular Probes; Mucous Membrane; Mus; Oxides; Oxygen; PPAR alpha; Patient-Focused Outcomes; Patients; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; Physiological; Potato; Production; Proteins; Proteomics; Receptor Activation; Resistance; Respiration; Ruminococcus; Scaffolding Protein; Severities; Starch; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Taxonomy; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Tissues; Transplant Recipients; Volatile Fatty Acids; bile salts; cohort; cytochrome c oxidase; dietary supplements; gastrointestinal epithelium; graft vs host disease; gut bacteria; gut microbes; gut microbiome; gut microbiota; hematopoietic cell transplantation; high throughput screening; in vivo; inflammatory disease of the intestine; intestinal epithelium; microbial; microbial community; microbiome; microbiome analysis; mouse model; oxidation; particle; preservation; response; western diet

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT – PROJECT 3 The production of butyrate from gut microbiomes results from interactions between microbes in anaerobic food webs. Identifying butyrogenic combinations of microbes, environmental conditions and fermentable fibers will underlie strategies for manipulating the microbiomes in BMT patients to provide therapeutic concentrations of butyrate. Hypotheses: 1) Maximal production of SCFAs from fermentable fibers requires the combination of a primary fiber degraders, secondary fermenters and hydrogen-consuming microbes. 2) The ratio of butyrate to total SCFAs is dependent on the taxonomic membership of communities, which is selected by the concentrations of H2, bile acids, pH and turnover time of the environment. Approaches: We will use covariation analysis of microbiomes from a healthy human cohort to identify butyrogenic combinations of fermentable fibers, physical conditions and microbes. We will test these predictions by assembling synthetic communities of the identified microbes and measuring butyrate production in vitro under various conditions, including the removal of hydrogen by hydrogenotrophic microbes. We will also select co-evolved butyrogenic communities from fecal inocula using multiple passages through media containing fermentable fiber as the primary carbon and energy source. Once transported into an intestinal epithelial cell, butyrate can be oxidized by mitochondria. It and can also stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) located on the nucleus. Understanding the interaction between a butyrogenic microbiome and epithelial cells will provide a mechanistic explanation of the temporal dynamics between butyrate production and host cell respiration. Hypothesis: In vitro and in vivo respiration and mitochondrial biogenesis in colonic epithelial cells will be stimulated by butyrate. Approaches: Respiration and PPAR activation will be measured in enteroids exposed to butyrate under varying environmental conditions. For in vivo estimates of respiration, mice at six weeks of age will be placed on a Western diet supplemented with a fermentable fiber(s) or accessible starch. GI tissues will be harvested at intervals up to 12 weeks and succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase activities will be measured to quantify the capacity for cellular respiration. Cell respiration and mucosal O2 concentrations will be tracked in germ-free mice treated 5- aminosalicylic acid, a PPAR agonist, to distinguish between mitochondrial biosynthesis and butyrate oxidation. Mice colonized with synthetic communities of microbes to be used to test the impact of microbiomes of different butyrogenic capacity on respiration.

项目摘要/摘要 – 项目 3 肠道微生物群产生丁酸盐是厌氧微生物之间相互作用的结果 识别微生物、环境条件和可发酵物质的丁酸组合。 纤维将成为操纵 BMT 患者微生物群以提供治疗的策略的基础 假设：1) 从可发酵纤维中最大程度地生产短链脂肪酸 (SCFA)。 需要初级纤维降解器、次级发酵器和氢消耗器的组合 2) 丁酸盐与总 SCFA 的比率取决于微生物的分类成员资格。 群落，根据 H2、胆汁酸、pH 值和周转时间的浓度进行选择 方法：我们将使用健康人体微生物组的协变分析。 队列来识别可发酵纤维、物理条件和微生物的丁酸组合。 将通过组装已识别微生物的合成群落并测量来测试这些预测 在各种条件下体外生产丁酸盐，包括通过去除氢 我们还将从粪便接种物中选择共同进化的产丁菌群落。 使用含有可发酵纤维作为主要碳和能量的培养基的多次通道 来源。 一旦转运到肠上皮细胞中，丁酸就可以被线粒体氧化。 还通过过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体 (PPAR) 刺激线粒体生物合成 位于细胞核上。了解产丁酸微生物组和上皮细胞之间的相互作用。 细胞将为丁酸盐生产和丁酸盐生产之间的时间动态提供机械解释。 宿主细胞呼吸假设：结肠中的体外和体内呼吸和线粒体生物发生。 丁酸盐会刺激上皮细胞 方法：呼吸和 PPAR 活化。 在不同环境条件下暴露于丁酸盐的肠内进行测量。 为了减少呼吸的影响，六周龄的小鼠将接受西方饮食，并补充可发酵的物质 纤维或可利用的淀粉将每隔 12 周收获一次，并收集琥珀酸盐。 将测量脱氢酶和细胞色素氧化酶活性以量化细胞的能力 将在经过 5-处理的无菌小鼠中追踪细胞呼吸和粘膜 O2 浓度。 氨基水杨酸，一种 PPAR 激动剂，用于区分线粒体生物合成和丁酸盐 小鼠体内定居有合成微生物群落，用于测试氧化的影响。 不同产丁酸能力的微生物组对呼吸的影响。