Massively parallel high-speed 3D functional photoacoustic computed tomography of the adult human brain

成人大脑的大规模并行高速 3D 功能光声计算机断层扫描

• 批准号: 10256763
• 负责人: Danny JJ WANG
• 金额: $ 120.92万
• 依托单位: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-08 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10256763
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Acoustics; Address; Adult; Algorithms; Atlases; Attenuated; BRAIN initiative; Back; Blood Vessels; Blood flow; Brain; Brain imaging; Breast; Complement; Data; Dependence; Detection; Development; Diffusion; Doppler Effect; Electric Stimulation; Electronics; Elements; Environment; Functional Imaging; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Head; Hemoglobin; High Resolution Computed Tomography; Human; Image; Imaging Device; Imaging technology; Light; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maintenance; Maps; Methods; Microscopic; Modality; Modeling; Mus; Newborn Infant; Noise; Organ; Oxyhemoglobin; Positron-Emission Tomography; Process; Radioactive Tracers; Rattus; Resolution; Rest; Rodent; Running; Sampling; Signal Transduction; Site; Speed; Statistical Data Interpretation; Structure; Structure of fontanel of skull; Surface; System; Techniques; Technology; Thalamic structure; Thick; Time; Tissues; Translating; Ultrasonic Transducer; Ultrasonic wave; Ultrasonics; Ultrasonography; Variant; Vibrissae; X-Ray Computed Tomography; attenuation; base; blood oxygen level dependent; cost; cranium; diffuse optical tomography; frontier; hemodynamics; human imaging; human subject; image reconstruction; imaging capabilities; imaging modality; imaging platform; in vivo; metabolic imaging; next generation; novel; novel strategies; operation; photoacoustic imaging; portability; public health relevance; reconstruction; recruit; relating to nervous system; response; spatiotemporal; success; temporal measurement

ABSTRACT (30 Lines) The BRAIN initiative (RFA-EB-19-002) has called for the development of entirely new or next-generation noninvasive human brain imaging tools and methods that will lead to transformative advances in our understanding of the human brain. Functional MRI (fMRI) at ultrahigh fields has made tremendous improvements in spatiotemporal resolution, allowing brain function to be studied on the level of cortical layers and columns. However, fMRI is generally considered to have a low sensitivity and strong tissue background for detection of function. Positron emission tomography provides powerful metabolic imaging through radioactive tracers but suffers low spatial resolution, as is diffuse optical tomography despite its advantages in speed, cost, and portability. Ultrasound-only imaging cannot image adult human brains because the ultrasonic waves are attenuated and aberrated twice by the skull due to the round-trip propagation. To address these issues, we propose to develop 3D photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) for fast and ultrafast large-scale neural activity imaging in human brains. PACT is especially well suited for detecting hemodynamic changes related to neural activities. It offers comparable spatial resolution but can be made much faster than fMRI. It is directly sensitive to both oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin linearly with a low tissue background. Other potential benefits of PACT over fMRI include open imaging platforms, minimal site requirements, quiet and bedside operation, magnet-free environment, and low system maintenance. In the last two decades, we have developed photoacoustic technology at multiple spatial scales ranging from microscopic (subcellular and cellular) to macroscopic (whole rodent, whole human breast, ex vivo adult human skull, and preliminary single-channel 2D and 64-channel 3D in vivo adult human brain) imaging. We have revealed hemodynamic response in the rodent brain to whisker or electrical stimulation and mapped the resting- state functional connectivity of the rat brain in the deep thalamic region. We have also developed sophisticated numerical methods for simulating photoacoustic wave propagation in heterogeneous media and developed frameworks for image reconstruction in acoustically heterogeneous media. Further, we have successfully demonstrated ex vivo PACT through adult human skulls and acquired preliminary images of human heads in vivo. We propose to translate these advances in PACT to human brain imaging through two specific aims: Aim 1: Develop massively parallel high-speed 3D PACT for in vivo fast and ultrafast functional human brain imaging. Aim 2: Validate functional PACT in adult humans in vivo by comparing with ultrahigh-field 7 T fMRI.

摘要（30行） 大脑倡议（RFA-EB-19-002）呼吁开发全新或下一代 无创的人脑成像工具和方法将导致我们的变革性进步 了解人脑。超高场的功能性MRI（fMRI）已取得了巨大改进 在时空分辨率中，可以在皮质层和色谱柱的水平上研究大脑功能。 但是，通常认为fMRI具有低灵敏度和强大的组织背景，以检测 功能。正电子发射断层扫描通过放射性示踪剂提供强大的代谢成像，但 遭受低空间分辨率，尽管速度，成本和 可移植性。仅超声成像不能对成人人类大脑进行成像，因为超声波是 由于往返传播，由于颅骨衰减和畸变两次。 为了解决这些问题，我们建议为快速开发3D光声计算机断层扫描（PACT） 和超大的大规模神经活动成像。协议特别适合检测 与神经活动有关的血液动力学变化。它提供可比的空间分辨率，但可以做出很多 比fMRI快。它直接对氧气和脱氧 - 血红蛋白线性敏感，并具有低组织背景。 契约对fMRI的其他潜在好处包括开放成像平台，最小的站点要求，安静和 床头操作，无磁性环境和低系统维护。 在过去的二十年中，我们在多个空间尺度上开发了光声技术 显微镜（亚细胞和细胞）至宏观（整个啮齿动物，整个人类乳房，离体成人人类 颅骨和初步单通道2D和64通道3D体内成人人脑成像。我们有 显示啮齿动物大脑对晶须或电刺激的血液动力学反应，并映射静止 大鼠大脑在深丘脑区域的状态功能连通性。我们还发展了复杂的 用于模拟异质介质中光声波传播的数值方法并开发了 在声学异质媒体中进行图像重建的框架。此外，我们已经成功 通过成人人类头骨展示了实体契约，并获得了人头的初步图像 体内。我们建议通过两个具体目标将条约中的这些进步转化为人脑成像： AIM 1：为体内快速和超快速功能性人脑开发大量平行的高速3D PACT 成像。 AIM 2：通过与Ultrahigh-Field 7 T fMRI进行比较，在体内验证成年人的功能协议。