Do Innovative Playgrounds Mitigate Health Disparities

创新游乐场是否可以减少健康差异

基本信息

批准号：
10244914
负责人：
Deborah A Cohen
金额：
$ 68.25万
依托单位：
KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-09-01 至 2024-02-29
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10244914
关键词：
Academic achievement Active Biological Transport Adult Age American Area Attention Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Caregivers Cessation of life Child Cities Communities Female Fostering Future Gender Green space Guidelines Habits Hour Income Lead Learning Life London Longevity Low Income Population Low income Mental Health Methods Nature Neighborhoods Paper Physical activity Play Population Population Density Poverty Problem behavior Recommendation Reporting Resources Risk Factors Role Self-control as a personality trait Site Smoking Socioeconomic Status Stress Structure Surface Surveys Teenagers Time Visit age group base blood pressure reduction cognitive function cognitive skill design experimental study gender disparity girls health disparity hyperactive child improved innovation male middle childhood moderate-to-vigorous physical activity mortality risk physical inactivity sociodemographics socioeconomic disparity

项目摘要

Summary/Abstract Today, most American adults and children fail to meet national physical activity guidelines. Playgrounds are located in 89% of all neighborhood parks, making them a rich resource to support physical activity in both children and adults. However, not all playgrounds are created equal, nor are they all designed to encourage physical activity for all ages. Playgrounds in lower income areas are used less and playgrounds with more features attract more users and lead to more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Innovative playgrounds that included facilities and amenities for adults appear to increase the number of users as well as their levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) to an even greater extent. In the past decade, playgrounds in major American cities have begun experimenting with newer, more innovative playground designs;; as yet, these spaces have not been rigorously studied to assess their impact on the physical activity of all ages. Using and adapting existing methods of systematic direct observation, we propose to study and compare innovative playgrounds to traditional post and platform playgrounds across the US to determine whether they can mitigate the multiple park use disparities seen for gender, age, and socio-economic status. In addition, we will survey 1200 adult caregivers of children in playground areas to assess how playgrounds relate to their own physical activity through active transport to the playground as well as on-site physical activity. Our specific aims are: 1) To determine whether innovative playgrounds attract more users of all ages as well as reduce gender disparities in playground use and physical activity levels;; 2) To determine whether innovative playgrounds attract a similar proportion of users relative to the local population density in low-income neighborhoods as in high-income neighborhoods;; 3) To identify the contribution of specific playground features, structures, and surfacing to playground-based MVPA and active transport to playgrounds among gender and age groups, including children 5 and under, those in middle childhood (6-12), teens (13-17), adults (18-59), and seniors (60+);; 4) To make recommendations that support more MVPA in playgrounds for all age groups. This will be the first study to examine the impact of playground design on the duration and intensity levels of physical activity among playground users of all age groups and across socio-demographic communities. Given that cities are constantly renovating and creating new playground areas, the findings from this study can inform the design of playgrounds being planned now and in the future to maximize population-level physical activity.

摘要/摘要如今，大多数美国成人和儿童都未能达到国家体育活动指南。 89% 的社区公园均设有这些公园，使其成为支持社区体育活动的丰富资源儿童和成人。然而，并非所有游乐场都是平等的，它们的设计也并非都是为了鼓励适合所有年龄段的体育活动较少，而低收入地区的体育活动较多。这些功能吸引了更多的用户，并带来了更适度到剧烈的体育活动。创新的游乐场。其中包括成人设施和便利设施，似乎增加了用户数量及其水平在过去的十年里，游乐场中的中度至剧烈体力活动（MVPA）得到了更大程度的提高。美国主要城市已经开始尝试更新、更具创新性的游乐场设计；；这些空间尚未经过严格的研究来评估其对所有年龄段的身体活动的影响。并调整现有的系统直接观察方法，我们建议研究和比较创新方法将美国各地的游乐场与传统的邮政和平台游乐场进行比较，以确定它们是否可以减轻影响此外，我们还将调查性别、年龄和社会经济地位方面的多个公园使用差异。游乐场区域的 1200 名成年儿童看护者评估游乐场与他们自身身体状况的关系通过前往游乐场的主动交通以及现场体育活动来进行活动。我们的具体目标是：1) 确定创新游乐场是否能吸引更多各个年龄段的用户并减少性别游乐场使用和身体活动水平的差异；；2) 确定创新游乐场是否相对于低收入社区的当地人口密度，吸引相似比例的用户高收入社区；；3) 确定特定游乐场特征、结构和的贡献面向不同性别和年龄组的基于游乐场的 MVPA 和主动交通前往游乐场，包括 5 岁及以下儿童、中期儿童 (6-12 岁)、青少年 (13-17 岁)、成人 (18-59 岁) 和老年人 (60+);; 4) 为所有年龄段的游乐场提出支持更多 MVPA 的建议。第一项研究游乐场设计对身体活动持续时间和强度水平的影响鉴于此，所有年龄段和跨社会人口群体的游乐场用户的活动。城市不断翻新和创建新的游乐场地，这项研究的结果可以为现在和将来正在规划游乐场的设计，以最大限度地提高人口的体育活动水平。