Small Molecule inhibitors as a new approach to study human RAD51 recombinase

小分子抑制剂作为研究人类 RAD51 重组酶的新方法

• 批准号: 10396746
• 负责人: ALEXANDER V MAZIN
• 金额: $ 13.59万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10396746
• 关键词: Small; Molecule; inhibitors; new; approach; Small; Molecule; inhibitors; new; approach

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The homologous recombination (HR) pathway plays a critical role in the repair of the most harmful DNA lesions, DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) and inter-strand cross-links (ICL). Malfunction of HR causes genome instability, cancer, and genetic diseases. RAD51, a key HR protein, promotes DNA strand exchange, a basic step of HR. However, the mechanism of DNA strand exchange and specific functions of RAD51 in human cells remain to be elucidated. Traditional genetic approaches are difficult to apply because RAD51 is essential for cell viability. Here, we propose to develop small molecule inhibitors to study RAD51 activities and functions. These inhibitors may also be used as prototypes for development of combination therapies to sensitize cancer cells for radiation and chemotherapy. Because millions of cancer patients commonly undergo radiation therapy and chemotherapy, improvement of their efficacy will have a significant impact on the public healthcare. Small molecule compounds (MW < 500 Da) that can perturb specific functions of proteins became an important tool in modern biology. Small molecule inhibitors act rapidly and often reversibly. They can be introduced at any point of organism or cell development and applied in a dose-dependent manner, which is especially important in studies of proteins essential for cell viability, like RAD51. Previously, by high throughput screening we identified several small molecule inhibitors of RAD51 and demonstrated for the first time their biological activity in the cell. Here, we will use these inhibitors to analyze the mechanism of RAD51 DNA strand exchange and the functions of RAD51 in human cells. Using cellular and animal models we will explore the ability of the RAD51 inhibitors alone or in combination with inhibitors of othe DNA repair pathways to increase killing of cancer cells by chemotherapeutic agents.

 描述（通过应用程序提供）：同源重组（HR）途径在修复最有害的DNA病变，DNA双链断裂（DSB）和链间交叉链接（ICL）中起着关键作用。人力资源故障会导致基因组不稳定性，癌症和遗传疾病。 RAD51是一种关键的HR蛋白，促进了DNA链交换，这是HR的基本步骤。但是，DNA链交换的机理和RAD51在人类细胞中的特定功能仍有待阐明。传统的遗传方法很难应用，因为RAD51对于细胞活力是必不可少的。在这里，我们建议开发小分子抑制剂来研究RAD51活性和功能。这些抑制剂也可以用作开发对敏感癌细胞进行放射和化学疗法的组合疗法的原型。由于数百万癌症患者通常接受放射治疗和化学疗法，因此提高其效率将对公共医疗保健产生重大影响。可以扰动蛋白质功能的小分子化合物（MW <500 DA）成为现代生物学的重要工具。小分子抑制剂的作用迅速，通常可逆地起作用。它们可以在生物体或细胞发育的任何点引入，并以剂量​​依赖性的方式应用，这在对细胞生存力必不可少的蛋白质（如RAD51）的研究中尤为重要。以前，通过高吞吐量筛选，我们鉴定了Rad51的几个小分子抑制剂，并首次证明了它们在细胞中的生物活性。在这里，我们将使用这些抑制剂分析RAD51 DNA链交换的机理和RAD51在人类细胞中的功能。使用细胞和动物模型，我们将单独探索RAD51抑制剂的能力，或与OTHE DNA修复途径的抑制剂结合使用，以增加化学治疗剂杀死癌细胞的杀伤。