Solid State X-ray Image Intensifier Development

固态X射线图像增强器的开发

• 批准号: 7569510
• 负责人: STEPHEN RUDIN
• 金额: $ 66.32万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-01 至 2012-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7569510
• 关键词: Aneurysm; Angiography; Animal Model; Animals; Blood Vessels; Canis familiaris; Catheters; Cephalic; Characteristics; Charge; Chronic; Clinical; Collaborations; Computer software; Coronary; Coupled; Development; Device or Instrument Development; Devices; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Diagnostic Imaging; Diagnostic radiologic examination; Digital Subtraction Angiography; Dose; Elastomers; Electrons; Elements; Evaluation; Fiber Optics; Fluoroscopy; Future; Goals; Human; Image; Imaging Device; Imaging Techniques; In Vitro; Industry; Injection of therapeutic agent; Intervention; Investigation; Light; Marketing; Measurement; Medical Imaging; Modality; Modeling; Morphologic artifacts; Noise; Operative Surgical Procedures; Oryctolagus cuniculus; Patient Care; Patients; Preparation; Procedures; Process; Production; Puncture procedure; Radiation; Research; Resolution; Running; Simulate; Slice; Speed; Structure; Surveys; System; Systems Analysis; Technology; Testing; Time; Variant; Venous; X-Ray Computed Tomography; base; cone-beam computed tomography; cost; design; detector; experience; graphical user interface; image guided intervention; imaging detector; improved; in vivo; instrumentation; interest; minimally invasive; prototype; reconstruction; sensor; simulation; software systems; solid state; tumor; voltage

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term objective is to develop the new Solid State X-ray Image Intensifier (SSXII) into the preferred dynamic x-ray imaging device with clear advantages over flat-panel devices (FPD) and x-ray image intensifiers (XII). These advantages include higher spatial resolution with smaller pixels, lower instrumentation noise hence better operation at lower exposure, huge dynamic range due to adjustable on-chip gain, no lag, no ghosting, and scalable production based on existing solid state technology. The SSXII consists of an array of modules each with a fiber optic taper that focuses light from a structured phosphor x-ray converter such as CsI(Tl) onto an electron multiplying charge coupled device (EMCCD). EMCCDs are relatively new sensors that have all the benefits of standard CCDs (high resolution, high speed, low noise, no lag) with the addition of on-chip gain created by an extra row of hundreds of special multiplying elements. Adjustment of a low voltage (tens of volts) applied to these electron multiplying elements provides on-chip gains from 1 to greater than 1000X. The specific aims for the project include development of prototype detectors made of arrays of EMCCD-based modules. A 2x2 system made of commercial EMCCD-based cameras will enable early testing over a limited field of view (FOV). The larger 3x3 array built from components because of its modularity will demonstrate a design that is extensible to full clinical FOVs and may completely replace the functions of XIIs or FPDs but with additional benefits of higher resolution and lower dose operation. For the evaluation of these new array detectors, we will obtain quantitative physical characterizations using linear systems analysis and, using patient specific rapid-prototyped phantoms, we will simulate complete interventions. An operator-friendly LabVIEW-software-based graphics user interface will provide control over the SSXII during fluoroscopy with roadmapping and angiography acquisitions. We will also evaluate the prototype SSXIIs in animal models to explore the wide variety of potential applications prior to planning for initial human studies. Applications we will begin to study are to neuro- and cardio-vascular procedures such as endovascular image guided interventions (EIGI) for treating aneurysms and stenotic vessels deep in the cranial vasculature, diagnosis and treatment of coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) as well as investigations of possible applications to anti-angiogenic tumor treatment. Additional new modalities involving region of interest (ROI) fluoroscopy, angiography, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), where the unique high resolution capabilities of the SSXII can be used while maintaining lower integral dose to the patient, will also be explored. Possible applications in addition to EIGI procedures include mammographic CT and tomosynthesis and other imaging where the low noise characteristics of the SSXII will enable increased number of lower dose views to reduce reconstruction artifacts. In summary, the proposed new SSXII once developed may become the future dynamic x-ray detector of choice with higher resolution and lower exposure operation than is possible with current FPDs or XIIs.

描述（由申请人提供）：长期目标是将新型固态 X 射线图像增强器 (SSXII) 开发为首选的动态 X 射线成像设备，与平板设备 (FPD) 和 X-射线成像设备相比具有明显优势射线图像增强器（XII）。这些优点包括更高的空间分辨率和更小的像素、更低的仪器噪声，从而在更低的曝光下更好的操作、由于可调节片上增益而产生的巨大动态范围、无延迟、无重影，以及基于现有固态技术的可扩展生产。 SSXII 由一系列模块组成，每个模块都有一个光纤锥体，可将来自结构磷 X 射线转换器（例如 CsI(Tl)）的光聚焦到电子倍增电荷耦合器件 (EMCCD) 上。 EMCCD 是相对较新的传感器，具有标准 CCD 的所有优点（高分辨率、高速、低噪声、无延迟），并增加了由数百个额外行的特殊乘法元件产生的片上增益。调整施加到这些电子倍增元件的低电压（数十伏）可提供从 1 到大于 1000 倍的片上增益。该项目的具体目标包括开发由基于 EMCCD 的模块阵列组成的原型探测器。由基于 EMCCD 的商用相机组成的 2x2 系统将能够在有限视场 (FOV) 上进行早期测试。由于其模块化，由组件构建的更大的 3x3 阵列将展示一种可扩展到完整临床 FOV 的设计，并可能完全取代 XII 或 FPD 的功能，但具有更高分辨率和更低剂量操作的额外优势。为了评估这些新型阵列探测器，我们将使用线性系统分析获得定量的物理特征，并使用患者特定的快速原型模型来模拟完整的干预措施。操作员友好的基于 LabVIEW 软件的图形用户界面将在荧光检查期间通过路线图和血管造影采集提供对 SSXII 的控制。我们还将在动物模型中评估 SSXII 原型，以在规划初步人体研究之前探索各种潜在应用。我们将开始研究的应用是神经和心血管手术，例如用于治疗颅内脉管系统深处的动脉瘤和狭窄血管的血管内图像引导干预（EIGI）、冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞（CTO）的诊断和治疗以及研究抗血管生成肿瘤治疗的可能应用。还将探索涉及感兴趣区域 (ROI) 透视、血管造影和锥形束计算机断层扫描 (CBCT) 的其他新模式，其中可以使用 SSXII 独特的高分辨率功能，同时保持患者较低的积分剂量。除了 EIGI 程序之外，可能的应用还包括乳房 X 线摄影 CT 和断层合成以及其他成像，其中 SSXII 的低噪声特性将能够增加低剂量视图的数量，从而减少重建伪影。总之，所提出的新 SSXII 一旦开发出来，可能会成为未来动态 X 射线探测器的选择，与当前的 FPD 或 XII 相比，具有更高的分辨率和更低的曝光操作。