Mapping Dimensional Aspects of Biobehavioral Threat Reactivity in Young, Violence-Exposed Children: Linkages to Fear and Distress

绘制遭受暴力的幼儿生物行为威胁反应的维度：与恐惧和痛苦的联系

• 批准号: 10002298
• 负责人: Margaret J Briggs-Gowan
• 金额: $ 75.34万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT SCH OF MED/DNT
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10002298
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Age; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Brain; Buffers; Caregivers; Categories; Child; Child Abuse and Neglect; Child Rearing; Chronic; Classification; Climate; Clinical; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Dependence; Development; Diagnostic; Dimensions; Distress; Down-Regulation; Emotional; Environment; Etiology; Event; Exhibits; Exposure to; Family; Foundations; Fright; Funding; Individual; Informal Social Control; Interpersonal Violence; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Link; Maps; Mediating; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Methods; Modeling; Mothers; National Institute of Mental Health; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Performance; Phenotype; Play; Population; Poverty; Preventive Intervention; Process; Protocols documentation; Psychopathology; Research Domain Criteria; Risk; Role; Sampling; Science; Scientific Advances and Accomplishments; Severities; Shapes; Specificity; Stress; Symptoms; System; Testing; Time; United States; Violence; Work; allostatic load; analytical method; associated symptom; attentional bias; base; biobehavior; biological adaptation to stress; caregiving; deprivation; design; early childhood; evidence base; experience; follow-up; insight; negative affect; neglect; neighborhood disadvantage; neurophysiology; novel; novel strategies; partner violence; person centered; psychologic; psychological symptom; public health relevance; response; sex; violence exposure

PROJECT SUMMARY: Interpersonal violence (IV) affects more than 1 in 5 young children in the United States annually. For young children, IV exposure most commonly occurs within the family context in the forms of partner violence and harsh/abusive parenting. Children exposed to IV represent a heterogeneous group. A portion of children develop psychological problems that cut across multiple diagnostic categories characterized by fear and distress symptoms. Existing models broadly implicate disruptions in biological stress systems in the etiology of violence-associated symptoms, but lack specificity for explaining heterogeneous symptom presentations in young children. Advancing this science requires novel laboratory and analytic methods for assessing and synthesizing threat reactivity across multiple biobehavioral levels. Inspired by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, we propose to achieve this by leveraging person-centered methods to identify unique profiles of threat reactivity across multiple levels of biobehavioral functioning never before studied together in young children: observed behavior, attention bias, autonomic reactivity, startle, event-related brain potentials. The fundamental scientific premise of the proposed work is that threat reactivity is a central intermediate phenotype linking early IV to this clinical vulnerability in young children. The proposed sample will include 360 children, ages 4 to 6 years, with (n = 240) and without (n = 120) IV exposure followed over 1 year. We advance three aims. Aim 1 is to map biobehavioral threat reactivity profiles to dimensional patterns of fear and distress in IV exposed and non-exposed young children. We hypothesize that we will identify hyper- and hypo-reactive profiles that link to greater symptoms relative to a non-extreme profile, and that hyper-reactivity will relate to fear, whereas hypo-reactivity will relate to distress at baseline and over 1 year. Aim 2 is to test whether threat reactivity profiles serve as intermediate phenotypes in explaining the link between violence exposure and symptoms over time. We hypothesize that children exposed to more severe IV will more likely be classified as hyper- or hypo-reactive and that profile type will mediate the link between IV and symptoms at baseline and 1 year later. Further, given high dependency of young children’s self-regulation on caregiving relationships and threats to regulatory capacity in violent environments, we hypothesize that mothers’ ability to co-regulate their children’s negative affect will shape these risk pathways. Thus, Aim 3 is to test the hypothesis that maternal responsiveness to child negative affect will play a unique role in shaping threat reactivity pathways over time. We hypothesize that emotionally-responsive parenting (assessed with a multi-method protocol) will buffer the associations between IV and threat reactivity profiles and between exposure and symptom trajectories over 1 year. This study will provide critical insight into the etiology of violence-related psychopathology with key implications for developing novel approaches for identification, prevention, and intervention for these highly vulnerable young children.

项目概要： 在美国，每年有超过五分之一的幼儿受到人际暴力 (IV) 的影响。 对于儿童来说，静脉注射暴露最常发生在家庭环境中，表现为伴侣暴力和 接受过严厉/虐待的养育方式的儿童是一个异类群体。 出现跨多个诊断类别的心理问题，其特征是恐惧和 现有的模型广泛地将生物应激系统的破坏与病因学联系起来。 与暴力相关的症状，但缺乏解释异质性症状表现的特异性 推进这门科学需要新的实验室和分析方法来评估和分析。 受研究领域标准的启发，综合多个生物行为层面的威胁反应。 (RDoC) 倡议，我们建议通过利用以人为本的方法来识别独特的个人资料来实现这一目标 跨多个生物行为功能水平的威胁反应的研究以前从未在年轻人中一起研究过 儿童：观察到的行为、注意力偏差、自主反应、惊吓、事件相关的大脑电位。 拟议工作的基本科学前提是威胁反应性是一个核心中间体 表型将早期 IV 与幼儿的这种临床脆弱性联系起来。 包括 360 名年龄在 4 至 6 岁的儿童，接受过（n = 240）和未接受（n = 120）静脉注射，随访时间超过一年。 我们提出三个目标，目标 1 是将生物行为威胁反应特征映射到维度模式。 我们勇敢地承认，我们将识别静脉注射暴露和未暴露的幼儿的恐惧和痛苦。 与非极端情况相比，高反应性和低反应性情况与更严重的症状相关，并且 过度反应与恐惧有关，而低反应则与基线和一年以上的痛苦有关。 目标 2 是测试威胁反应性特征是否可以作为解释威胁反应性的中间表型 随着时间的推移，我们勇敢地面对暴力暴露与症状之间的联系。 严重的 IV 更有可能被归类为高反应或低反应，并且该配置文件类型将调节链接 此外，考虑到幼儿的高度依赖性，静脉注射与基线时和一年后的症状之间的差异。 对照顾关系的自我监管以及暴力环境中监管能力的威胁，我们 培养母亲共同调节孩子负面情绪的能力将塑造这些风险途径。 因此，目标 3 是检验以下假设：母亲对孩子负面情绪的反应会发挥影响 随着时间的推移，在塑造威胁反应路径方面发挥着独特的作用。 育儿（使用多方法协议进行评估）将缓冲 IV 和威胁反应性之间的关联 这项研究将为我们提供重要的见解。 与暴力相关的精神病理学的病因学对开发新方法具有重要意义 对这些高度脆弱的幼儿进行识别、预防和干预。