The Musicality, Hearing and Genetics ("MyHearingG") Project: Experimental, epidemiological, and genomics techniques to explore the role of musicality in hearing health

音乐性、听力和遗传学（“MyHearingG”）项目：通过实验、流行病学和基因组学技术探索音乐性在听力健康中的作用

• 批准号: 10731677
• 负责人: Srishti Nayak
• 金额: $ 21.88万
• 依托单位: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10731677
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Age; Aptitude; Architecture; Auditory; Behavior; Biological; Biological Process; Biology; Clinical; Cochlea; Communication; Data; Dementia; Detection; Ear; Elderly; Epidemiology; Exposure to; Foundations; Frequencies; Future; General Population; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genomic approach; Genomics; Genotype; Health; Hearing; Heritability; Human; Human Genetics; Impaired cognition; Individual; Individual Differences; Knowledge; Labyrinth; Link; Longevity; Loudness; Maps; Measures; Mental Depression; Mission; Music; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Nature; Neurocognitive; Organism; Outcome; Persons; Phenotype; Population; Predisposition; Presbycusis; Public Health; Regulation; Research; Review Literature; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Shapes; Social isolation; Speech; Speech Perception; Techniques; Testing; Training; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Variant; Work; age group; aged; auditory processing; biobank; cochlear development; cohort; disability; executive function; genetic architecture; hearing impairment; improved; individualized prevention; innovation; insight; middle age; musician; neural; novel; personalized care; precision medicine; preference; protective factors; resilience; skills; social health determinants; speech processing; speech recognition; theories; trait; young adult

Project Summary/Abstract While there is abundant evidence that certain musical behaviors (e.g., regularly listening to loud music) are risk factors for age-related hearing loss (ARHL), human musicality also has the potential to support hearing health across the lifespan. For example, studies in small samples of younger adults show that individual differences in musical aptitude are positively associated with hearing outcomes such as speech recognition in noisy conditions, and that musicians show enhanced hearing outcomes and auditory processing compared to non- musicians. Further, advances in the genetics of musicality show that genes involved in cochlear development are associated with phenotypic variation in musical aptitude. Preliminary studies also show a positive association between music engagement frequency and hearing sensitivity. Given this evidence, could higher degrees of musicality – both aptitude for and engagement with music – be a protective factor against hearing loss as we age? This project systematically tests this novel hypothesis using experimental, epidemiological, and genomic approaches. Aim 1 uses robust experimental approaches to characterize associations between musical aptitude and hearing outcomes in older adults, over and above music engagement (e.g. practice, formal training, listening) and neurocognitive skills (e.g. executive function). Aim 2 uses epidemiological approaches to characterize associations between music engagement frequency and hearing outcomes in large cohorts of middle-aged and older adults. Aim 3 uses computational genomics approaches to investigate shared genetic architecture between human musicality and ARHL, in large cohorts of middle-aged and older adults for whom available health, phenotypic, and genotypic information is known. Evidence for and against our hypotheses will allow us to disentangle three competing theories about the links between human musicality and hearing health, namely that links are either driven by (a) shared genetic and neural architecture underlying both traits, (b) auditory neurocognitive affordances and preferences shaping musicality, (c) or “wear and tear” of sensorineural auditory biology due to cumulative loud music exposure. Taken together, findings from this project will help evaluate musicality as a protective factor against hearing loss as we age, and lay the groundwork for understanding longitudinal and causal relationships between music engagement and hearing health. Further, findings will lay the groundwork for examining specific biological functions (e.g., expression and regulation) of genes linking musicality, sensorineural auditory mechanisms, and hearing outcomes. This work addresses a critical health need: one in three adults aged 70 or older in the United States suffers from hearing loss, with cascading consequences on social isolation, depression, and cognitive decline and dementia. Innovations in personalized prevention and care are sorely needed. Further the work is timely and leverages recent advances in computational genomics and health biobank approaches, and in the genetics of human musicality traits.

项目摘要/摘要 尽管有很多证据表明某些音乐行为（例如，定期听响亮的音乐）是风险 与年龄相关的听力损失（ARHL）的因素，人类音乐也有可能支持听力健康 整个生命周期。例如，对年轻人的小样本的研究表明 音乐才能与听力结果（例如嘈杂的语音识别）呈正相关 条件，与非 - 非 - 音乐家。此外，音乐遗传学的进步表明，参与人工耳蜗的基因 与音乐能力的表型变化有关。初步研究还显示了积极的 音乐参与频率与听力敏感性之间的关联。有了这些证据，可能会更高 音乐程度 - 既适合音乐的能力又是与音乐的互动 - 是一个受到保护的因素 我们年龄的损失？该项目使用实验，流行病学，系统地测试了这一新假设 和基因组方法。 AIM 1使用强大的实验方法来表征 音乐能力和老年人的听力结果，超过音乐参与度（例如练习， 正式培训，听力）和神经认知技能（例如执行功能）。 AIM 2使用流行病学 表征音乐参与频率与听力结果之间的关联的方法 中年和老年人队列。 AIM 3使用计算基因组学方法来调查 人类音乐和ARHL之间共享的遗传结构，在大量中年和年龄段 已知可用健康，表型和基因型信息的成年人。反对的证据 我们的假设将使我们能够解散有关人类音乐之间联系的三个相互竞争的理论 听力健康，即链接要么是由（a）共享遗传和神经结构的驱动的 两种特征，（b）听觉神经认知能够得到和偏爱塑造音乐，（c）或“磨损” 由于累积的响亮音乐暴露而导致的感官听觉生物学。两者一起，从中发现 随着我们的年龄，项目将有助于评估音乐性作为免听力损失的受保护因素，并将 理解音乐参与与听力之间的纵向和因果关系的基础 健康。此外，发现将为检查特定的生物学功能奠定基础（例如表达 和调节）与音乐性，感觉性听觉机制和听力结果联系在一起的基因。这 工作解决了关键的健康需求：美国三分之一或70岁以上的成年人遭受 听力损失，对社会隔离，抑郁和认知能力下降产生层叠的后果，以及 失智。非常需要个性化预防和护理的创新。此外，工作是及时的， 利用了计算基因组学和健康生物库方法的最新进展，以及 人类的音乐特征。