The Musicality, Hearing and Genetics ("MyHearingG") Project: Experimental, epidemiological, and genomics techniques to explore the role of musicality in hearing health

音乐性、听力和遗传学（“MyHearingG”）项目：通过实验、流行病学和基因组学技术探索音乐性在听力健康中的作用

• 批准号: 10731677
• 负责人: Srishti Nayak
• 金额: $ 21.88万
• 依托单位: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10731677
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Age; Aptitude; Architecture; Auditory; Behavior; Biological; Biological Process; Biology; Clinical; Cochlea; Communication; Data; Dementia; Detection; Ear; Elderly; Epidemiology; Exposure to; Foundations; Frequencies; Future; General Population; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genomic approach; Genomics; Genotype; Health; Hearing; Heritability; Human; Human Genetics; Impaired cognition; Individual; Individual Differences; Knowledge; Labyrinth; Link; Longevity; Loudness; Maps; Measures; Mental Depression; Mission; Music; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Nature; Neurocognitive; Organism; Outcome; Persons; Phenotype; Population; Predisposition; Presbycusis; Public Health; Regulation; Research; Review Literature; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Shapes; Social isolation; Speech; Speech Perception; Techniques; Testing; Training; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Variant; Work; age group; aged; auditory processing; biobank; cochlear development; cohort; disability; executive function; genetic architecture; hearing impairment; improved; individualized prevention; innovation; insight; middle age; musician; neural; novel; personalized care; precision medicine; preference; protective factors; resilience; skills; social health determinants; speech processing; speech recognition; theories; trait; young adult

Project Summary/Abstract While there is abundant evidence that certain musical behaviors (e.g., regularly listening to loud music) are risk factors for age-related hearing loss (ARHL), human musicality also has the potential to support hearing health across the lifespan. For example, studies in small samples of younger adults show that individual differences in musical aptitude are positively associated with hearing outcomes such as speech recognition in noisy conditions, and that musicians show enhanced hearing outcomes and auditory processing compared to non- musicians. Further, advances in the genetics of musicality show that genes involved in cochlear development are associated with phenotypic variation in musical aptitude. Preliminary studies also show a positive association between music engagement frequency and hearing sensitivity. Given this evidence, could higher degrees of musicality – both aptitude for and engagement with music – be a protective factor against hearing loss as we age? This project systematically tests this novel hypothesis using experimental, epidemiological, and genomic approaches. Aim 1 uses robust experimental approaches to characterize associations between musical aptitude and hearing outcomes in older adults, over and above music engagement (e.g. practice, formal training, listening) and neurocognitive skills (e.g. executive function). Aim 2 uses epidemiological approaches to characterize associations between music engagement frequency and hearing outcomes in large cohorts of middle-aged and older adults. Aim 3 uses computational genomics approaches to investigate shared genetic architecture between human musicality and ARHL, in large cohorts of middle-aged and older adults for whom available health, phenotypic, and genotypic information is known. Evidence for and against our hypotheses will allow us to disentangle three competing theories about the links between human musicality and hearing health, namely that links are either driven by (a) shared genetic and neural architecture underlying both traits, (b) auditory neurocognitive affordances and preferences shaping musicality, (c) or “wear and tear” of sensorineural auditory biology due to cumulative loud music exposure. Taken together, findings from this project will help evaluate musicality as a protective factor against hearing loss as we age, and lay the groundwork for understanding longitudinal and causal relationships between music engagement and hearing health. Further, findings will lay the groundwork for examining specific biological functions (e.g., expression and regulation) of genes linking musicality, sensorineural auditory mechanisms, and hearing outcomes. This work addresses a critical health need: one in three adults aged 70 or older in the United States suffers from hearing loss, with cascading consequences on social isolation, depression, and cognitive decline and dementia. Innovations in personalized prevention and care are sorely needed. Further the work is timely and leverages recent advances in computational genomics and health biobank approaches, and in the genetics of human musicality traits.

项目概要/摘要 虽然有大量证据表明某些音乐行为（例如经常听大声的音乐）存在风险 与年龄相关的听力损失（ARHL）的因素，人类音乐性也有可能支持听力健康 例如，对年轻人的小样本研究表明，个体差异。 音乐天赋与听力结果呈正相关，例如嘈杂环境中的语音识别 条件，并且与非音乐家相比，音乐家表现出增强的听力结果和听觉处理 此外，音乐遗传学的进展表明，基因参与耳蜗发育。 初步研究也显示出与音乐能力的表型变异相关。 鉴于这一证据，音乐参与频率和听力敏感性之间的关联可能会更高。 音乐性程度——对音乐的天赋和参与程度——是听力的保护因素 这个项目通过实验、流行病学、 目标 1 使用稳健的实验方法来表征之间的关联。 除了音乐参与（例如练习、 正式培训、倾听）和神经认知技能（例如执行功能）。目标 2 使用流行病学。 表征音乐参与频率与听力结果之间关联的方法 Aim 3 使用计算基因组学方法来研究中老年人群体。 在大量中年人和老年人中，人类音乐性和 ARHL 之间存在共同的遗传结构 已知可用健康、表型和基因型信息的成年人。支持和反对的证据。 我们的假设将使我们能够理清关于人类音乐性之间联系的三种相互竞争的理论 和听力健康，即这种联系要么是由（a）共享的遗传和神经结构驱动的 这两个特征，（b）听觉神经认知能力和偏好塑造音乐性，（c）或“磨损” 总而言之，由于大声的累积音乐暴露而导致的感觉神经听觉生物学的影响。 该项目将帮助评估音乐性作为随着年龄增长而预防听力损失的保护因素，并奠定 理解音乐参与度和听力之间的纵向和因果关系的基础 此外，研究结果将为检查特定的生物功能（例如表达）奠定基础。 和调节）连接音乐性、感音神经听觉机制和听力结果的基因。 工作解决了一项关键的健康需求：在美国，三分之一的 70 岁或以上的成年人患有以下疾病 听力损失，对社会孤立、抑郁和认知能力下降造成连锁后果 此外，迫切需要在个性化预防和护理方面进行创新。 利用计算基因组学和健康生物库方法以及遗传学方面的最新进展 人类的音乐性特征。