Shared Language Erosion Among Chinese Immigrant Families

中国移民家庭的共同语言侵蚀

• 批准号: 10730856
• 负责人: Hua Lin
• 金额: $ 44.88万
• 依托单位: OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY STILLWATER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-05 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10730856
• 关键词: Academic Research Enhancement Awards; Address; Affect; Age; Anxiety; Area; Asian; Asian Americans; Asian population; Attention; Automobile Driving; Buffers; COVID-19; Charge; Child; Child Rearing; China; Chinese; Chinese American; Chinese population; Cities; Communication; Communities; Competence; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Development; Discrimination; Emotional; English Language; Environmental Risk Factor; Ethnic Origin; Ethnic Population; Exhibits; Family; Family member; Feeling; Feeling suicidal; Female; Foundations; Frustration; Gender; Generations; Growth; Health Personnel; Home; Homes for the Aged; Immigrant; Immigrant family; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Language; Language Development; Linguistics; Literature; Mediating; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mental Health Services; Mental disorders; Mentors; Monitor; Nature; Parents; Pathway interactions; Population; Population Growth; Populations at Risk; Prevalence; Prevention strategy; Process; Public Health; Research; Research Project Grants; Role; Sampling; Schools; Science; Stress; Structure; Subgroup; Suicide attempt; Testing; Time; Woman; Work; Youth; behavioral health; behavioral outcome; bilingualism; coping; ethnic identity; evidence base; innovation; novel; perceived discrimination; preference; prevent; protective factors; racial identity; racial population; recruit; skills; stressor; suicidal behavior; suicide rate; undergraduate student

Project Summary/Abstract Accusations regarding the origins of COVID-19 and ongoing anti-China rhetoric have provoked increases in mental health problems (MHPs) such as anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among Chinese American immigrant (CAI) families. Yet, little is known about how CAI families cope with discrimination. Additionally, there is a well-documented increase in the prevalence of MHPs from the 1st to the 2nd and 3rd generations of CAIs. However, little is known about what might be driving this increase. A growing literature shows that upon entering school, immigrant children in general, and Chinese-heritage children in particular, quickly acquire proficiency in English while exhibiting significant declines in their heritage language (HL). Over the same time period, their parents show only modest gains in their English proficiency. The combination of child HL loss and low parental EL acquisition creates a situation in which immigrant children and their parents increasingly do not speak the same language, which we call shared language erosion (SLE). This dynamic creates a growing barrier for Chinese parents and their children to communicate effectively. When communication falters, misunderstandings, frustrations, conflict, and feelings of rejection grow, causing disharmony in the family. Parental competencies that normally would buffer against environmental risks become increasingly ineffective leaving youth vulnerable to the negative impact of discrimination and stress. This may help explain why 2nd and 3rd generation Chinese immigrants are 2~3 times more likely to develop a mental illness and/or attempt suicide relative to their 1st generation counterparts. Because language is the mechanism through which meaning, identity, and relationships evolve and are strengthened, SLE may also impede the development of other protective factors against MHPs such as ethnic identity, engagement with extended kin, and a sense of belonging to an ethnic community. However, these mediated paths from SLE to youth MHPs have not been tested. To assess these linkages the current study aims to: 1) Examine the extent to which the association between SLE and Chinese American immigrant youth's MHPs is mediated by parental efficacy (e.g., monitoring, low conflict, closeness), and whether this path is moderated by youth gender; 2) Examine whether the path from perceived discrimination to MHPs through youth stress is moderated by SLE among CAI youth. We hypothesize that SLE will be positively associated with MHPs, that this association will be mediated by parental efficacy, and will be stronger for females. We also hypothesize that high SLE will exacerbate the negative effects of discrimination on youth MHPs by increasing the indirect effect through youth stress. To accomplish these aims we will sample 167 Chinese immigrant parents (1st generation) whose preferred language is Mandarin and their 1st or 2nd generation youth children (ages 12-17; N=167 parent-child dyads) who have resided in the US for 6 or more years.

项目概要/摘要 关于 COVID-19 起源的指控以及持续不断的反华言论引发了越来越多的抗议 心理健康问题 (MHP)，例如焦虑、抑郁以及自杀念头和行为 华裔美国移民 (CAI) 家庭。然而，人们对 CAI 家庭如何应对这一问题知之甚少。 歧视。此外，有充分证据表明，从 1 月到 2 月，MHP 的患病率有所增加。 第二代和第三代 CAI。然而，人们对推动这一增长的原因知之甚少。 越来越多的文献表明，进入学校后，一般移民儿童和华裔儿童 尤其是儿童，他们的英语能力很快就达到了熟练程度，但他们的传统却显着下降 语言（HL）。在同一时期，他们的父母的英语水平仅略有提高。 儿童 HL 损失和父母 EL 获得率低的结合造成了移民 孩子和他们的父母越来越不说同一种语言，我们称之为共享语言 侵蚀（SLE）。这种动态为中国父母和孩子的沟通制造了越来越大的障碍 有效地。当沟通出现问题时，会出现误解、沮丧、冲突和被拒绝的感觉 长大，造成家庭不和谐。通常会缓冲的父母能力 环境风险变得越来越无效，使青年容易受到环境风险的负面影响 歧视和压力。这也许有助于解释为什么第二代和第三代华人移民是2~3倍 相对于第一代同龄人，他们更有可能患上精神疾病和/或企图自杀。 因为语言是意义、身份和关系演变和发展的机制。 加强，SLE 还可能阻碍其他针对 MHP 的保护因素的发展，例如种族 身份、与远亲的交往以及对种族社区的归属感。然而，这些 从 SLE 到青少年 MHP 的介导路径尚未经过测试。为了评估这些联系，当前的研究 旨在： 1) 检验 SLE 与华裔美国移民之间的关联程度 青少年的 MHP 是由父母效能（例如，监督、低冲突、亲密）以及是否 这条道路受到青年性别的调节； 2) 检查从感知歧视到歧视的路径是否 CAI 青少年中的 SLE 可以调节青少年压力导致的 MHP。我们假设 SLE 将是 与 MHP 呈正相关，这种关联将由亲代功效介导，并且将 对女性来说更强。我们还假设高 SLE 会加剧歧视的负面影响 通过增加青年压力的间接影响来影响青年 MHP。为了实现这些目标，我们将采样 167 名首选语言为普通话的中国移民父母（第一代）及其第一代或第二代 在美国居住 6 岁或以上的一代青少年儿童（12-17 岁；N=167 亲子二人组） 年。