Demography of Sex Differences in Health and Survival

健康和生存方面性别差异的人口统计学

• 批准号: 9345986
• 负责人: James W. Vaupel
• 金额: $ 93.91万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-30 至 2021-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9345986
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Age; Animal Model; Animals; Behavioral Mechanisms; Biological; Birds; Categories; Cause of Death; Cessation of life; China; Computer software; Country; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Demographic Analyses; Demography; Denmark; Dimensions; Female; Funding; Health; Health Professional; Heart; Human; Industrialization; Injury; Joints; Kenya; Knowledge; Life Expectancy; Light; Link; Mammals; Measures; Mediating; Modernization; Morbidity - disease rate; Papio; Pattern; Physiological; Population; Postdoctoral Fellow; Primates; Recovery; Reporting; Research; Research Project Grants; Research Support; Risk-Taking; Russia; Sex Characteristics; Skeleton; Social status; Societies; Statistical Data Interpretation; Stress; Surveys; Testing; Time; Utah; Variant; Woman; Women' s Health; Work; crosslink; data registry; disability; experience; falls; health difference; high risk; human data; human male; improved; insight; male; male health; member; men; mortality; programs; public health relevance; response; social; working group

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Demography of Sex Differences in Health and Survival. Is it true that males are healthier than females but die younger? If so, why? We plan demographic analyses to address these two overarching questions concerning the health-survival paradox. First, to what extent is the paradox true? How general is it? According to which definitions and measures and along which dimensions are men healthier than women? How do male-female morbidity and mortality differences vary with age? How do they vary over place? How have they varied over time? How do they vary across species of primates, other mammals and birds? Second, to the extent that the paradox is true, why is this the case? Various social and biological hypotheses will be tested by analyzing: Human and nonhuman lifetables for males vs. females (Project 1); Data on causes of death for human males vs. females (Projects 1 and 2); Age at death of about 15,000 skeletons of adult males and females from the Mesolithic to about 1600 A.D. (Project 1) Survey and registry data on humans in Denmark, Utah, Russia and China (Project 2), and Detailed longitudinal observations of baboons in the wild in Kenya (Project 3). Strong cross-links between Projects, including shared postdocs, joint Working Groups, and coordinated Specific Aims, will facilitate new interdisciplinary insights. The combination of (1) high-quality human data from Denmark, Utah, Russia and China together with lifetable data on many other populations, (2) an informative animal model (baboons) supplemented with extensive nonhuman lifetable data and (3) sophisticated demographic and statistical analyses will provide a deeper understanding of the basis in adults for sex differences in health and survival and of opportunities to reduce these differences.

 描述（由申请人提供）：健康和生存方面的性别差异的人口统计学是不是男性比女性更健康但寿命更短？如果是这样，为什么我们计划进行人口分析来解决有关健康生存悖论的两个首要问题？首先，这个悖论在多大程度上是正确的？根据哪些定义和衡量标准以及在哪些维度上，男性和女性的发病率和死亡率差异如何随年龄变化？它们如何随时间而变化？它们在灵长类动物、其他哺乳动物和鸟类之间有何变化？第二，如果这个悖论是正确的，为什么会出现这种情况？将通过分析以下内容进行测试： 男性与女性的人类和非人类生命表（项目 1）； 人类男性与女性的死亡原因数据（项目 1 和 2）； 约 15,000 具成年男性和女性骨骼的死亡年龄从中石器时代到公元1600年左右（项目1）丹麦、犹他州、俄罗斯和中国的人类调查和登记数据（项目2），以及对肯尼亚野外狒狒的详细纵向观察（项目3）。项目之间的合作，包括共享博士后、联合工作组和协调的具体目标，将促进新的跨学科见解（1）来自丹麦、犹他州、俄罗斯的高质量人类数据的结合。和中国以及许多其他种群的生命周期数据，（2）补充有广泛的非人类生命周期数据的信息丰富的动物模型（狒狒），以及（3）复杂的人口和统计分析将提供对成年人性别差异基础的更深入的了解。健康和生存以及减少这些差异的机会。