Neural Dissociation of the Contextual and Local Effects of Motivation

动机的情境和局部效应的神经分离

• 批准号: 8202686
• 负责人: Adam C. Savine
• 金额: $ 3.54万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-01 至 2012-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8202686
• 关键词: Address; Anhedonia; Anterior; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Clinical; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Coupled; Cues; Development; Disease; Dissociation; Dorsal; Exhibits; Extinction (Psychology); Failure; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Incentives; Individual; Individual Differences; Inferior; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Literature; Maintenance; Maps; Mediating; Mediation; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Midbrain structure; Motivation; Nature; Parietal Lobe; Pattern; Performance; Phase; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Psychophysiology; Research; Rest; Rewards; Schizophrenia; Substance abuse problem; System; Task Performances; Techniques; Testing; Time; Translating; Variant; Ventral Striatum; Work; base; cingulate cortex; clinically significant; cognitive control; dopamine system; driving behavior; effective intervention; imaging modality; meetings; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; neuropsychiatry; psychologic; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; reward processing; success; treatment program; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal explores the neural and psychological mechanisms of how motivation provides benefits for cognitive control. Control processes are thought to be the fundamentally important as they allow for successful goal directed behavior via processes such as inhibition, task-switching, and maintaining intentions. Motivation is thought to directly modify the ability of individuals to use effective cognitive control by changing the importance of goals to be pursued. Crucially, a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, substance abuse, and ADHD are characterized by both breakdowns in cognitive control and at times marked motivational deficits (e.g. anhedonia and avolition in schizophrenia and depression). A growing body of work has provided evidence that the neural systems involved with cognitive control include dorsal frontoparietal circuits, along with the midbrain dopamine system, and that motivation may modulate cognitive control via the midbrain dopamine system. Yet, the precise brain mechanisms underlying interactions between cognitive control and motivational systems, and subsequent impacts on goal directed behavior, remain ill-defined. Our previous work has demonstrated that greater understanding of how motivation impacts cognitive control may come by examining the mechanisms that underlie the two dissociable behavioral effects motivation has on performance: a transient, trial-by-trial preparatory effect, and a sustained, global effect. The current proposal tests the hypothesis that important qualitative distinctions exist between the transient and sustained effects of motivation in how they impact cognitive control, and that these differences will be reflected by dissociable patterns of brain activity, both localized and across associated networks of brain regions. These hypotheses will be tested in a two-session neuroimaging study (using state-of-the-art functional magnetic resonance imaging methods and analytical techniques) that systematically examines these distinctions from within a task-switching experimental paradigm (which involves the explicit switching of goals) in healthy, young adults. The results will also be interpreted in regards to individual differences in the baseline asscoiations between brain regions at rest to probe how these baseline associations between brain regions mediate the effects that motivation has on cognitive control. Success in this work would represent a significant theoretical advance, by clarifying the neural mechanisms and behavioral consequences of how motivation enhances control over cognition. Success in this work would also provide a foundation to further study how motivational deficits may lead to the cognitive control deficits observed in neuropsychiatric populations. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project has high relevance for public health in terms of the potential to provide critical information regarding the neural and psychological bases of how motivation 1) operates via dissociable sustained and transient effects in the brain, in both a localized and network wide manner and 2) how those effects lead to transient enhancements and sustained benefits in cognitive control. This research although done with healthy individuals, has great significance for clinical populations (e.g. schizophrenia, depression, ADHD, substance abuse) as the obtained knowledge regarding how motivational mechanisms influence goal-directed behavior could be used to better understand the deficits in these disorders, and drive the development of more effective interventions in these populations.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案探讨了动机如何为认知控制带来好处的神经和心理机制。控制过程被认为是从根本上重要的，因为它们允许通过抑制，任务切换和维持意图等过程成功实现目标行为。人们认为动机可以通过改变追求目标的重要性来直接修改个人使用有效认知控制的能力。至关重要的是，精神分裂症，抑郁症，药物滥用和ADHD等多种神经精神疾病的特征是认知控制的崩溃，有时有时标志着动机缺陷（例如，Anhedonia和Schizophrenia和抑郁症中的Anhedonia和Avolition）。越来越多的工作提供了证据表明，与认知控制有关的神经系统包括背侧额心电路，以及中脑多巴胺系统，并且动机可以通过中脑多巴胺系统调节认知控制。然而，认知控制和动机系统之间的相互作用的确切大脑机制以及随后对目标定向行为的影响仍然不明显。我们以前的工作表明，通过研究动机对绩效的两种可行性行为效果的基础的机制可能对认知控制的影响有更深入的了解：一种暂时的，逐审的预备效果以及持续的全球效果。当前的提案检验了以下假设：动机在影响认知控制方面的瞬时和持续影响之间存在重要的定性区别，并且这些差异将由可解散的大脑活动模式反映，这些模式既可以局部和跨大脑区域的相关网络。这些假设将在一项两节神经影像学研究（使用最先进的功能磁共振成像方法和分析技术）中进行检验，该研究系统地研究了健康的年轻人，该假设在健康的年轻人中系统地检查了从任务转换实验范式（涉及目标切换的目标切换）中的这些区别）。结果还将解释有关静止大脑区域之间基线分解的个体差异，以探测大脑区域之间的这些基线关联如何介导动机对认知控制的影响。这项工作的成功将代表一个重要的理论进步，通过阐明动机如何增强对认知的控制的神​​经机制和行为后果。这项工作的成功还将为进一步研究激励性赤字如何导致神经精神病种群中观察到的认知控制缺陷提供基础。 公共卫生相关性：该项目与公共卫生具有很高的相关性，这些潜力在提供有关动机的神经和心理基础的重要信息方面。这项研究尽管对健康的个体完成，但对临床人群（例如精神分裂症，抑郁症，ADHD，药物滥用）具有重要意义，因为获得的有关激励机制如何影响目标指导行为的知识可以更好地了解这些疾病中的缺陷，并驱动这些人群中更有效的干预措施的发展。