Interocular Suppression and Selective Attention in Amblyopia

弱视的眼间抑制和选择性注意

• 批准号: 10720187
• 负责人: Chuan Hou
• 金额: $ 51.69万
• 依托单位: SMITH-KETTLEWELL EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-01 至 2027-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10720187
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Agreement; Amblyopia; Anisometropia; Area; Attention; Behavioral; Binocular rivalry; Blindness; Brain; Characteristics; Child; Chronic; Correlation Studies; Coupled; Cues; Data; Electroencephalography; Eye; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Goals; Image; Knowledge; Lazy Eyes; Measures; Monocular Vision; Motion; Ocular Dominance; Optics; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Physiological; Play; Population; Psychophysics; Recurrence; Refractive Errors; Resources; Role; Scotoma; Signal Transduction; Source; Stimulus; Strabismus; Testing; Therapeutic; Training; Treatment Failure; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Visual Psychophysics; Visual attention; Work; attentional bias; attentional modulation; behavior measurement; early childhood; extrastriate visual cortex; improved; induced pluripotent stem cell; monocular; neural; neural correlate; neuromechanism; prevent; public health relevance; response; selective attention; success; visual processing

Project Summary Long-term and chronic visual suppression to the visual input from the non-preferred eye is a key factor in developing amblyopia, or “lazy eye”, as well as a critical barrier to treat amblyopia. Amblyopia is commonly caused by misalignment of the eyes (strabismus), chronic optical blur in one eye due to unequal refractive errors in two eyes (anisometropia), or a mixture of strabismus and anisometropia during early childhood, affecting about 3% to 5% of the population worldwide. Our long-term goal is to understand how and where suppression occurs in the brain. We propose that selective visual attention plays a role in visual suppression. Our hypothesis in the current proposal is that selective visual attention biases competition between eyes and modulates interocular suppression by selectively facilitating responses from the preferred eye and suppressing responses from the non-preferred eye along the visual cortical hierarchy. To test our hypothesis, we will use psychophysics to measure whether valid cueing of the stimulus in the amblyopic eye reduces suppression under dichoptic viewing in adults with amblyopia, compared with invalid/neutral cueing (Aim 1). In Aim 2, we will use frequency-tagged EEG source imaging along with behavioral measures of perceptual eye dominance during binocular rivalry to compare the effects of selective attention and increased contrast to the amblyopic eye on perception and neural responses. We will simultaneously measure and compare the neural activities along the cortical hierarchy of both eyes under the states of visual perceptual dominance and suppression in adults with amblyopia and normal vision. These measures will help determine: 1) how and where the brain suppresses visually conflicting images in amblyopia; 2) how an increase in bottom-up visual salience by increasing the contrast input to the amblyopic eye changes the neural representation of the amblyopic eye signal and 3) whether paying attention to the amblyopic eye has a similar effect on neural activity as increasing contrast to the amblyopic eye. In Aim 3, we will use frequency-tagged EEG source imaging coupled with visual psychophysics to measure cortical activity and behavioral performance during a multiple-object tracking task with moving targets presented to one eye and moving distractors presented to the other eye. This aim will comprehensively characterize: 1) whether visual attention modulates interocular suppression by selectively facilitating neural responses from the preferred eye and suppressing responses from the non-preferred eye along the visual cortical hierarchy (Aim 3a); 2) whether there are differences in attentional modulation between normal and amblyopic vision, in terms of temporal dynamics (Aim 3b) and attentional resource availability determined by the number of targets to be tracked (Aim 3c). The proposed studies will systematically investigate visual perception and neural correlates underlying interocular suppression to provide an integrated picture of visual suppression in amblyopia at physiological levels along the cortical hierarchy as well as perceptual levels. Knowledge gained from our planned studies would help us better understand how and where amblyopic suppression occurs and in turn, will help identify therapeutic strategies for amblyopia.

项目概要 对来自非首选眼睛的视觉输入的长期和慢性视觉抑制是导致视力下降的关键因素。 弱视或“弱视”是治疗弱视的常见障碍。 由眼睛错位（斜视）引起，由于屈光不等导致一只眼睛慢性光学模糊 两只眼睛的错误（屈光参差），或幼儿期斜视和屈光参差的混合， 我们的长期目标是了解影响全球约 3% 至 5% 的人口。 我们认为选择性视觉注意在视觉抑制中发挥作用。 我们在当前提案中的假设是，选择性视觉注意力会导致眼睛和眼睛之间的竞争产生偏差。 通过选择性地促进首选眼睛的反应并抑制 为了检验我们的假设，我们将使用非首选眼睛沿视觉皮层层次的反应。 心理物理学来测量弱视眼中刺激的有效提示是否会减少弱视眼下的抑制 与无效/中性提示相比，成人弱视患者的双眼视视（目标 1）。 使用频率标记的脑电图源成像以及感知眼优势的行为测量 双眼竞争，比较选择性注意和增加对比度对弱视眼的影响 我们将同时测量和比较沿线的神经活动。 成人视知觉支配和抑制状态下双眼皮层层次结构 这些措施将有助于确定弱视和正常视力：1）大脑如何以及在何处进行抑制。 弱视中的视觉冲突图像；2）如何通过增加自下而上的视觉显着性 弱视眼的对比度输入会改变弱视眼信号的神经表征，3) 关注弱视眼是否对神经活动产生与增加对比度相似的影响 在目标 3 中，我们将使用频率标记脑电图源成像与视觉相结合。 心理物理学测量多目标跟踪任务期间的皮质活动和行为表现 向一只眼睛呈现移动目标，向另一只眼睛呈现移动干扰物。 全面表征：1）视觉注意是否通过选择性地调节眼间抑制 促进首选眼的神经反应并抑制非首选眼的神经反应 沿视觉皮层层次（目标 3a）；注意力调节是否存在差异 正常视力和弱视视力之间的时间动态（目标 3b）和注意力资源 可用性由要跟踪的目标数量决定（目标 3c）。 有意研究视觉感知和眼间抑制的神经相关性 提供沿皮质生理水平的弱视视觉抑制的综合图像 从我们计划的研究中获得的知识将帮助我们更好地了解层次结构和感知水平。 了解弱视抑制如何以及在何处发生，进而有助于确定治疗策略 对于弱视。