Cultivation and Characterization of Microaerobes from the Human Microbiome

人类微生物群中微需氧菌的培养和表征

• 批准号: 7691397
• 负责人: Thomas M Schmidt
• 金额: $ 40.84万
• 依托单位: MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-23 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7691397
• 关键词: Address; Aerobic Bacteria; Animals; Attention; Biochemical; Campylobacter; Communities; Complex; Diffuse; Disease; Ecology; Evolution; Gastrointestinal tract structure; Genome; Goals; Harvest; Health; Helicobacter; Human; Human Microbiome; Human body; Laboratories; Microbe; Molecular; Mucous Membrane; Nature; Organism; Oxygen; Physiological; Physiology; Plants; Population; Prevalence; Research; Role; Surveys; Testing; Tissues; base; genetic resource; genome sequencing; improved; microbiome; novel; planetary Atmosphere; public health relevance; research study; respiratory enzyme

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Complex communities of microbes are intimately associated with all plants and animals in nature: they influence the evolution, physiology and ecology of the host. The specific roles of microbes in these symbiotic relationships have been best elucidated for that subset of microbes grown in pure culture. However, the application of cultivation-independent molecular surveys reveals that many of these microbes have yet to be cultivated. We propose to cultivate a physiological subset of novel microbes from the human microbiome - the microaerobes - by incorporating unique approaches to isolation and cultivation. We are focusing on microaerobes because oxygen diffusing into the GI tract from host tissue creates a microoxic zone adjacent to the tissue that is likely to be colonized by microaerobes. As a result of the proximity to the host tissue, these microbes are likely to interact directly with the host and so are key to understanding the role of the microbiome in human health and disease. Microbes are typically isolated under an atmosphere of 21% oxygen or strictly anoxic conditions. While these conditions are suitable for the cultivation of many organisms, microaerobes thrive under reduced concentrations of oxygen. They have specialized respiratory enzymes to harvest oxygen at low concentrations, and as a result occupy niches not available to typical aerobes. Microaerobes, including populations of Helicobacter and Campylobacter, occupy the GI tracts of many animals. We propose to extend the availability of cultured microaerobes from the human microbiome as follows: 1) Exploit microoxic atmospheres and novel cultivation strategies to isolate microaerobes from the mucosa of the human GI tract, 2) Select representative microaerobes based on their distribution and abundance in the GI tract and their estimated prevalence in the human population, 3) Provide a physiological characterization of representative isolates that are sent for genome sequencing. Pure cultures of microaerophiles will not only enable direct sequencing of their genomes, but will be a valuable resource for genetic, biochemical and physiological experiments to test hypotheses generated from genome analyses. An improved understanding of the physiological ecology of these microbes and their impact on humans is most accessible when they are studied in pure and defined mixed cultures. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Complex communities of microbes are intimately associated with the human body. To better understand their role in human health and disease, we proposed to cultivate these microbes in the laboratory to facilitate studies that will include the sequencing of their genomes.

描述（由申请人提供）：微生物的复杂社区与自然界中的所有动植物密切相关：它们影响宿主的进化，生理和生态。在这些共生关系中，最好阐明了微生物在纯文化中生长的微生物的特定作用。然而，与培养无关的分子调查的应用表明，其中许多微生物尚未培养。我们建议通过结合独特的分离和培养方法来培养人类微生物组（微生物）的新型微生物的生理子集。我们关注的是微生物，因为从宿主组织中扩散到胃肠道中会产生一个与组织相邻的微氧化区，该区可能被微虫定殖。由于靠近宿主组织，这些微生物可能直接与宿主相互作用，因此是了解微生物组在人类健康和疾病中的作用的关键。通常在21％氧气或严格的缺氧条件下将微生物分离出来。尽管这些条件适合许多生物的培养，但在氧气浓度降低的情况下，微虫繁盛。他们有专门的呼吸酶以低浓度收获氧气，因此占据了典型的孢子虫。微生物，包括螺旋杆菌和弯曲杆菌的种群，占据了许多动物的胃肠道。我们建议从人类微生物组中扩展培养的微生物的可用性，如下所示：1）利用微氧气的气氛和新颖的培养策略来分离人类GI区的粘膜中的微生物，2）基于其在gi的分布和人类中的特征性，以估计的方式进行了估计，并提供了代表性的微生物的特征。发送用于基因组测序的分离株。微生物粒子的纯培养物不仅可以直接对其基因组进行测序，而且将成为测试基因组分析产生的假设的遗传，生化和生理实验的宝贵资源。当对这些微生物的生理生态学及其对人类的影响时，最有一种对人类的影响，当它们以纯净和定义的混合培养物进行研究时，最容易获得对人类的影响。公共卫生相关性：复杂的微生物社区与人体密切相关。为了更好地了解它们在人类健康和疾病中的作用，我们建议在实验室中培养这些微生物，以促进研究，其中包括对其基因组进行测序。