Impact of COVID-19 related stay-at-home orders on traffic, traffic-related air pollution, and cardiovascular health in New York City
COVID-19 相关的居家令对纽约市交通、交通相关空气污染和心血管健康的影响
基本信息
- 批准号:10403961
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 2.97万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:2021
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2021-09-01 至 2023-07-07
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:AcuteAddressAir PollutionApplied ResearchAreaBiostatistical MethodsCOVID-19COVID-19 impactCOVID-19 pandemicCardiovascular systemCensusesCessation of lifeCharacteristicsChronic DiseaseComplexCongestiveCountryCross-Over StudiesCrossover DesignDataDevelopmentDiabetes MellitusEmergency department visitEnvironmentEnvironmental EpidemiologyEnvironmental HealthEnvironmental Risk FactorEventExposure toFaceFutureGoalsGrantHealthHealth BenefitHealth Disparities ResearchHealth StatusHealthcareHomeHospitalizationHourHypertensionInequalityInterventionLiteratureMapsMeasuresMentorshipMonitorMorbidity - disease rateMyocardial InfarctionNatural experimentNeighborhoodsNew York CityNitrogen DioxideNon-linear ModelsObesityOralOutcomePersonsPoliciesPublic Health SchoolsReportingResearch DesignResolutionResourcesSchoolsScienceSiteSocioeconomic StatusStrokeSuggestionTimeTracerTrainingTravelUniversitiesVariantWritingburden of illnesscardiovascular disorder riskcardiovascular healthcardiovascular risk factorcare seekingcoronavirus diseasecrowdsourcingdesignenvironmental health disparityepidemiology studyexperienceimprovedindexinglow socioeconomic statusmortalitynoveloral communicationpandemic diseasepreventpublic health researchresponseskillsspatiotemporalstroke riskstudent trainingsuccesstemporal measurementtraffic-related air pollution
项目摘要
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT
Globally, air pollution is responsible for an estimated 4.2 million deaths per year. In New York City (NYC),
traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) contributes to an estimated 320 deaths and 870 hospitalizations per year and
is associated with increased risk of stroke and myocardial infarction (MI); additionally, lower socioeconomic
status (SES) groups face a higher burden. Stay-at-home orders in response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-
19) pandemic can be thought of as a traffic intervention policy; it has impacted traffic congestion and TRAP at
an unprecedented level. However, this change has not been assessed at fine spatio-temporal resolution in NYC,
challenging the epidemiologic study of its impact on stroke and MI, including variation by SES and chronic
disease burden (CDB; i.e., proportion of people with hypertension, diabetes, obesity). During the pandemic,
substantial decreases in emergency department visits for stroke and MI, which can be triggered by TRAP, have
been observed. While this decrease is likely driven in part by reduced care seeking, given known associations
between TRAP and stroke/MI, the large decreases in TRAP likely contributed to this decline. However, this has
not yet been investigated in NYC. Additionally, given that the vehicle fleet composition has likely shifted during
the pandemic (e.g., proportionally more delivery trucks), the relationship between congestion, TRAP, and
stroke/MI during the pandemic is not known. To address these gaps, this proposal will: (1) evaluate the impact
of stay-at-home orders related to the COVID-19 pandemic on (A) traffic congestion and (B) TRAP in NYC; and
assess variation in congestion by indices of SES and CDB; (2) estimate the number of acute TRAP-associated
stroke and MI hospitalizations expected to be prevented by altered TRAP during the pandemic, compare to total
observed changes in stroke/MI hospitalizations, and assess variability by SES and CDB; and (3) (exploratory)
investigate the associations between congestion, TRAP, stroke, and MI hospitalizations during the pandemic.
The main goal of the training plan is to provide the applicant with the skills, expertise, and experience to
conduct rigorous public health research in the field of environmental epidemiology, with a focus in air pollution
and health disparities research. The training plan includes a mix of formal didactic training, applied research
experience, professional development, and oral presentation opportunities. It will focus on the following training
priorities: (1) causal inference; (2) environmental health disparities; (3) air pollution exposure assessment for
large-scale health studies; (4) strategies for oral communication of science; (5) advanced biostatistical methods
for environmental health sciences; and (6) training in grant writing, design, and management. The environment
of Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health is ideal for the proposed project, given the school's
commitment to training students, exceptional expertise and resources available in environmental health sciences
and environmental epidemiology, and the unparalleled mentorship team assembled for this proposal.
项目摘要/摘要
在全球范围内,空气污染每年估计有420万人死亡。在纽约市(纽约),
与交通相关的空气污染(TRAP)每年造成320例死亡和870例住院治疗,
与中风和心肌梗塞(MI)的风险增加有关;另外,社会经济较低
地位(SES)组面临着更高的负担。响应冠状病毒病(COVID-
19)可以将大流行视为交通干预政策;它影响了交通拥堵和陷阱
空前的水平。但是,尚未在纽约市的良好时空分辨率上评估这种变化,
挑战其对中风和MI的影响的流行病学研究,包括SES和慢性变化
疾病负担(CDB;即高血压,糖尿病,肥胖症患者的比例)。在大流行期间,
可以通过陷阱触发的中风和MI的急诊就诊大幅下降
被观察到。虽然这种减少可能部分是由于已知关联而部分驱动的。
在陷阱和中风/MI之间,陷阱的大幅下降可能导致这种下降。但是,这就是
尚未在纽约进行调查。此外,鉴于车队组成可能在
大流行(例如,交货卡车比例更多),拥塞,陷阱和
大流行期间的中风/MI尚不清楚。为了解决这些差距,该提案将:(1)评估影响
与(a)交通拥堵和(b)纽约市的Covid-19-19大流行有关的家庭命令;和
评估SES和CDB指数的拥塞变化; (2)估计急性陷阱相关的数量
预计大流行期间的陷阱改变将阻止中风和MI住院治疗,相比之下
观察到中风/MI住院的变化,并评估SES和CDB的变异性; (3)(探索)
研究大流行期间拥塞,陷阱,中风和MI住院的关联。
培训计划的主要目标是向申请人提供技能,专业知识和经验
在环境流行病学领域进行严格的公共卫生研究,重点是空气污染
和健康差异研究。培训计划包括正式的教学培训,应用研究
经验,专业发展和口头演示机会。它将集中于以下培训
优先级:(1)因果推断; (2)环境健康差异; (3)空气污染暴露评估
大规模健康研究; (4)口头科学交流的策略; (5)先进的生物统计学方法
用于环境健康科学; (6)授予写作,设计和管理方面的培训。环境
鉴于该学校的
对培训学生的承诺,环境健康科学中提供的卓越专业知识和资源
和环境流行病学,以及无与伦比的指导团队为此提案组成。
项目成果
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