Function, diversity, and circuitry of parallel retinal ganglion cell pathways

平行视网膜神经节细胞通路的功能、多样性和电路

• 批准号: 10357800
• 负责人: Michael B Manookin
• 金额: $ 42.86万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-03-01 至 2023-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10357800
• 关键词: Behavior; Cells; Code; Communities; Computer Models; Computer Systems; Coupling; Data; Dendrites; Detection; Development; Dorsal; Foundations; Gap Junctions; Genetic; Glutamates; Goals; Human; In Vitro; Knowledge; Light; Link; Macaca; Mammals; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Movement; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Neurosciences; Output; Pathway interactions; Perception; Photoreceptors; Physiology; Pigment Epithelium; Play; Preparation; Primates; Property; Prosthesis; Research; Resources; Retina; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Role; Semicircular canal structure; Shapes; Stimulus; Synapses; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Thalamic structure; Time; Vision; Visual; Visual Motion; Visual Pathways; Whole-Cell Recordings; Work; blind; design; ganglion cell; gaze; motion sensitivity; neural circuit; neural network; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; patch clamp; predicting response; relating to nervous system; response; retinal axon; retinal prosthesis; sight restoration; success; synaptic inhibition; visual information; visual stimulus; visual-vestibular

The goal of this research is to understanding how the retina contributes to motion processing in the dorsal visual pathway. The neural circuitry within the retina extracts visual information and sends that information through the axons of retinal ganglion cells to the visual thalamus and, subsequently, to the cortex. Much is known about the neural pathways that perform motion computations in the cortex, but far less is known about how the retina contributes to this pathway. The proposed research will further our understanding of how the retina contributes to motion processing and the mechanisms that contribute to this neural computation. Our first aim will directly determine whether motion detection occurs in the retina and the neural mechanisms that mediate these computations. Our second aim will reveal the types of motion computations occurring in the retina and how excitatory and inhibitory synaptic circuitries shape these computations. Our third aim will directly test our mechanistic understanding of the circuitry of the inner retina by evaluating the ability of synaptic models, generated from direct measurement, to accurately predict responses to natural motion. If successful, this research will provide several significant contributions. First, it will increase our understanding about how ethologically relevant information is encoded in parallel neural circuits - a fundamental goal of systems neuroscience. Second, it will explain how excitatory and inhibitory neural networks differentially shape information flow and contribute to neural computations. Finally, these findings will be applicable immediately to ongoing development of retinal prostheses and other techniques designed to restore visual function in blind humans.

这项研究的目的是了解视网膜如何促进运动处理 背侧视觉通路。视网膜内的神经回路提取视觉信息并将其发送 信息通过视网膜神经节细胞的轴突到达视觉丘脑，随后到达视觉丘脑 皮质。人们对皮层中执行运动计算的神经通路了解很多，但是 人们对视网膜如何促进这一通路知之甚少。拟议的研究将进一步 我们对视网膜如何促进运动处理及其机制的理解 有助于这种神经计算。 我们的第一个目标将直接确定运动检测是否发生在视网膜和神经网络中 调解这些计算的机制。 我们的第二个目标将揭示视网膜中发生的运动计算的类型以及兴奋性如何 抑制性突触回路塑造了这些计算。 我们的第三个目标将通过以下方式直接测试我们对内部视网膜电路的机械理解： 评估直接测量生成的突触模型准确预测的能力 对自然运动的反应。 如果成功，这项研究将做出多项重大贡献。首先，它将增加我们的 了解行为学相关信息如何在并行神经回路中编码 - a 系统神经科学的基本目标。其次，它将解释兴奋性和抑制性神经元如何 网络以不同的方式塑造信息流并有助于神经计算。最后，这些 研究结果将立即应用于视网膜假体和其他技术的持续开发 旨在恢复盲人视觉功能的技术。