Dynamic processing of sound in auditory cortex

听觉皮层声音的动态处理

基本信息

批准号：
10358612
负责人：
PATRICK O KANOLD
金额：
$ 51.38万
依托单位：
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-04-01 至 2026-03-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10358612
关键词：
Acoustics Aging Animals Area Attention Auditory Auditory Perception Auditory area Behavior Behavioral Brain Cells Central Auditory Processing Disorder Cochlear Implants Complex Computer Analysis Detection Discrimination Disease Dyslexia Environment Etiology Genetic Goals Hearing Aids Image Individual Label Language Measures Motor Mus Nature Neurons Noise Optics Output Pathway interactions Perception Performance Play Population Population Control Prefrontal Cortex Property Recording of previous events Research Response to stimulus physiology Schizophrenia Shapes Signal Transduction Source Speech Perception Stimulus Structure Symptoms Task Performances Testing Thalamic structure Tinnitus Work auditory stimulus awake behavior change behavior influence cognitive control design experimental study frontal lobe improved in vivo nervous system disorder normal hearing optogenetics preference receptive field recruit relating to nervous system response sensory input signal processing sound two-photon vocalization

项目摘要

Project Summary: The perception of speech and language requires normal functioning of the auditory cortex (ACX). How ACX does this critically depends on the coordinated activity of populations of neurons: both across the cortex and throughout its multi-layered structure. The primary auditory cortex (A1) plays a key role for sound perception since it represents one of the first cortical processing stations. Recent results have shown that neural activity of A1 neurons depend not only on auditory stimuli themselves, but are influenced by the history of sounds, internal state, and behavioral context of the animal. For example, the selectivity of individual A1 neurons can rapidly and adaptively be reshaped when an animal is engaged in a behavioral task, or when listening conditions become more challenging. However, behaviorally relevant information is encoded in populations of neurons but to date it is not understood how behavioral influences shape the activity across A1 neural populations, and how the resulting population activity relates to task performance. Here we determine how sounds are dynamically encoded in diverse cell populations during behavior and the changing nature of their cellular interactions within and across A1 layers. By using in vivo 2-photon imaging in behaving mice we will determine the functional responses to complex stimuli in identified large populations of A1 neurons, how these neurons interact, reconstruct the functional networks present with A1, and shared external influences on these A1 networks. We then investigate how A1 networks change their responses and functional interactions during auditory behaviors of varying task difficulty. Thus, we determine how network changes depend on the identify and the difficulty of a task. Together, these experiments will reveal how A1 networks are dynamically reconfigured depending on the behavioral needs of the animal. Our prior work identified a region of the frontal cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), as a source of inputs to A1 that can change A1 receptive fields. We thus investigate how OFC projections are engaged during auditory behaviors and if manipulating OFC projections to A1 will alter behavioral performance. Our work contributes to the mechanistic understanding of the ability of normal-hearing listeners to navigate complex or noisy acoustic environments and shift their attention between different sound sources. Thus, our work contributes to the understanding of diverse conditions such as tinnitus, aging, dyslexia, central auditory processing disorder (CAPD).

项目摘要：语音和语言的感知需要听觉皮层的正常功能（ACX）。 ACX如何关键地取决于种群的协调活动神经元：遍布整个皮质及其多层结构。主要听觉皮质（A1）起着声音感知的关键作用，因为它代表了第一个皮质之一处理站。最近的结果表明，A1神经元的神经活动不依赖仅在听觉刺激本身上，但受声音，内部状态的历史影响和动物的行为背景。例如，单个A1神经元的选择性可以当动物从事行为任务时或听力条件变得更具挑战性。但是，行为相关的信息是在神经元的种群中编码，但迄今为止尚不了解行为的影响塑造A1神经种群的活性，以及所得的人群活动如何相关进行任务性能。在这里，我们确定声音是如何在各种单元中动态编码的行为过程中的种群以及其内部细胞相互作用的变化和跨A1层。通过在行为小鼠中使用体内2光子成像，我们将确定功能在鉴定出的大量A1神经元中对复杂刺激的反应，这些神经元如何互动，重建具有A1的功能网络，并共享外部影响这些A1网络。然后，我们研究A1网络如何改变他们的响应和在不同任务难度的听觉行为过程中的功能相互作用。因此，我们确定网络变化如何取决于任务的识别和难度。在一起，这些实验将揭示A1网络如何动态重新配置，具体取决于动物的行为需求。我们先前的工作确定了额叶皮质的一个区域， Orbitrontal Cortex（OFC），作为可以改变A1接收场的A1的输入来源。我们因此，研究听觉行为期间OFC预测的参与方式以及是否对A1进行操作将改变行为表现。我们的工作有助于对正常听觉能力的机械理解听众浏览复杂或嘈杂的声学环境，并将注意力转移到不同的声音来源。因此，我们的工作有助于理解各种条件例如耳鸣，衰老，阅读障碍，中央听觉处理障碍（CAPD）。