Potential for mosquitoes in the United States to transmit Zika virus

美国的蚊子传播寨卡病毒的可能性

• 批准号: 9317430
• 负责人: Jason L Rasgon
• 金额: $ 23.58万
• 依托单位: PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-18 至 2020-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9317430
• 关键词: Adult; Aedes; Africa; American; Anopheles Genus; Area; Asia; Biological Assay; Biology; Blood; Brazil; Central America; Chikungunya virus; Collection; Congenital Abnormality; Country; Culex (Genus); Culicidae; Dengue Virus; Development; Disease Outbreaks; Emergency Situation; Epidemiology; Flavivirus; Geography; Human; Infection; Island; Knowledge; Laboratory Study; Mediating; Micronesia; Ochlerotatus; Plaque Assay; Play; Policies; Population; Risk Management; Role; South America; Southeastern Asia; Uganda; United States; Viral; Virus; Virus Diseases; West Nile virus; World Health Organization; Zika Virus; forest; geographic difference; pathogen; transmission process; vector; Adult; Aedes; Africa; American; Anopheles Genus; Area; Asia; Biological Assay; Biology; Blood; Brazil; Central America; Chikungunya virus; Collection; Congenital Abnormality; Country; Culex (Genus); Culicidae; Dengue Virus; Development; Disease Outbreaks; Emergency Situation; Epidemiology; Flavivirus; Geography; Human; Infection; Island; Knowledge; Laboratory Study; Mediating; Micronesia; Ochlerotatus; Plaque Assay; Play; Policies; Population; Risk Management; Role; South America; Southeastern Asia; Uganda; United States; Viral; Virus; Virus Diseases; West Nile virus; World Health Organization; Zika Virus; forest; geographic difference; pathogen; transmission process; vector

Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus first isolated in the Zika forest of what is now Uganda. For many decades, Zika virus was of no major epidemiological concern, causing occasional small outbreaks in Africa and Southeast Asia with only a handful of human cases recorded. This changed in 2007, when the first outbreak outside of Africa or Asia occurred on the island of Yap in Micronesia with approximately 100-200 confirmed or suspected cases. Zika virus is no longer a mild infection limited to Africa and Asia – it has now been introduced to the western hemisphere, with autochthonous Zika transmission documented in Brazil since May 2015, in other countries in central and south America, and over 250 imported cases in the United States (as of March 2016). Due to newly observed associations with major birth defects, the World Health Organization has declared Zika a global emergency and is estimating approximately 3-4 million cases by the end of 2016. Similar to dengue and Chikungunya viruses, the mosquito Aedes aegypti is thought to be the primary vector for Zika virus. Aedes albopictus has also been demonstrated to be a highly competent vector in laboratory studies. However, Zika virus has been detected in over 25 species of mosquitoes from 5 genera. Although detecting virus in a mosquito is not proof of transmission, these studies emphasize our lack of knowledge about the transmission biology of this emergent pathogen. Some identified vector species (Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti) are present in the United States and these vectors alone open the possibility of outbreaks and even local transmission in parts of the USA. If other native or established mosquito species are competent to transmit Zika, the virus could potentially move into the USA beyond areas currently colonized by aegypti and albopictus, similar to what was observed with the mosquito Culex tarsalis and the invasion of West Nile virus into the USA during the early 2000's. In this proposal, we will (1) investigate the potential for common, widespread mosquito species present in the United States to transmit Zika virus and (2) investigate geographic variation among Aedes albopictus populations to transmit Zika virus. Proactive knowledge about the potential role that North American mosquito fauna may play in the introduced epidemiology of Zika virus is absolutely critical for the development of efficient Zika virus control strategies and risk management policies in the USA.

寨卡病毒是一种蚊子传播的黄病毒，最初是在乌干达的寨卡森林中孤立的。为了 数十年来，寨卡病毒并非主要的流行病学问题 非洲和东南亚的爆发仅记录了少数人类案件。这发生了变化 2007年，非洲或亚洲以外的第一次爆发发生在密克罗尼西亚的Yap岛上 大约有100-200例确认或怀疑情况。寨卡病毒不再是温和的感染 仅限于非洲和亚洲 - 现在已将其引入西半球 自2015年5月以来，在中央的其他国家 /地区自2015年5月以来在巴西记录的自动Zika传播 和南美，在美国（截至2016年3月），超过250例进口案件。由于 世界卫生组织已宣布新观察到与重大出生缺陷的关联 Zika是全球紧急状态，到2016年底估计约3-400万例。 对于登革热和基孔肯雅病毒，蚊子埃及被认为是主要矢量 用于寨卡病毒。艾德（Aedes botictus 实验室研究。然而，在5种超过25种的蚊子中发现了寨卡病毒 属。尽管在蚊子中检测病毒不是传播证明，但这些研究强调 我们对这种新兴病原体的传播生物学缺乏知识。有些人确定 载体物种（Aedes Alboptus和Aedes Aegypti）存在于美国，这些 仅载体就可以打开爆发甚至在美国部分地区传播的可能性。如果 其他本地或已建立的蚊子物种有能力传输Zika，该病毒可以 有可能搬入美国埃及和白化局目前殖民的地区以外的地区，类似 蚊子塔萨里斯（Tarsalis）和西尼罗河病毒入侵美国所观察到的是什么 在2000年代初期。在此提案中，我们将（1）调查常见，宽度的潜力 美国存在的蚊子物种传播寨卡病毒，（2）研究地理 艾德氏构成种群之间的变化以传播寨卡病毒。关于 北美蚊子动物群可能在引入的Zika流行病学中扮演的潜在角色 病毒对于开发有效的寨卡病毒控制策略和风险绝对至关重要 美国的管理政策。