Influence of Meal Timing and Sleep Variability on Macronutrient Intake and Body Composition in College Undergraduates

进餐时间和睡眠变化对大学生宏量营养素摄入和身体成分的影响

• 批准号: 9385238
• 负责人: Andrew William McHill
• 金额: $ 0.14万
• 依托单位: BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-06-30 至 2017-06-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9385238
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Age; American; Behavior; Biological; Biological Clocks; Body Composition; Body fat; Body mass index; Calories; Car Phone; Carbohydrates; Child; Circadian Rhythms; Clinical; Consumption; Cost of Illness; Data Collection; Degenerative polyarthritis; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Diet Records; Diné Nation; Disease; Dissociation; Eating; Energy Intake; Ensure; Fellowship; Food; Funding; Future; General Population; Goals; Health; Health Care Costs; Health behavior; Hour; Hyperphagia; Individual; Inpatients; Intake; Internet; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Macronutrients Nutrition; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Melatonin; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolism; National Research Service Awards; Obesity; Obesity associated disease; Older Population; Outcome; Overweight; Pattern; Phase; Phonation; Physiological; Physiology; Polysomnography; Population; Populations at Risk; Prevalence; Public Health; Research; Risk Factors; Schedule; Schools; Services; Sleep; Social Network; Stroke; Students; System; Telephone; Testing; Time; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Wakefulness; Weight; Weight Gain; Work; aged; aging population; awake; base; burden of illness; college; combat; design; diaries; energy balance; experimental study; heart disease risk; novel; programs; public health relevance; sensor; sleep onset; social; treatment strategy; undergraduate student; university student

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Weight gain and obesity have reached alarming levels throughout the developed world. Over 30% of Americans are obese and 1.4 billion adults worldwide are overweight. Obesity is a risk factor for numerous metabolic diseases and accounts for ~$147 billion in health care costs each year in the United States. The greatest increase in prevalence of obesity rates occurs in the college-aged population, an age that is a critical developmental time period for establishing long-term health behaviors. Eating during the night and variable sleep-wake timing are novel potential risk factors for weight gain and obesity, yet little is known about how these risk factors influence weight and obesity in the college-aged population. We have recently found that the number of meals college students consume after 2000h is associated with a higher percentage of body fat relative to weight. However, more detail is needed on the relationship between the timing of meals with circadian physiology and sleep-wake behaviors as: (i) the circadian phase in college students is delayed as compared to older populations and thus 2000h may not be the "circadian" night (i.e., when melatonin is elevated); (ii) composition of meals at specific times of the day could differently affect body composition; and (iii) variable sleep-wake timing may influence the timing of food intake. We therefore propose an experiment to identify the association of both meal and sleep-wake timing variability with weight, body composition, and meal composition in college undergraduates. This study will be a supplement to a currently funded NIH R01 project on the effects of social networks on sleep in college students. For that study, each student participates for 1-month while at school by: (i) completing online diaries twice daily about sleep-wake patterns; (ii) wearing sensors that monitor sleep and wakefulness; (iii) allowing an application on their mobile phone to track phone and internet usage; and (iv) staying overnight at our facility to assess melatonin onset (a marker of circadian phase and the time at which the circadian system begins to promote sleep). For this supplement, we will also track the timing and content of food consumed using a time-stamped mobile phone food diary for a 7-day period and record their weight and body composition (percent body fat). Sleep variability will be assessed using the daily online sleep-wake diaries and wearable sensors that measure daily sleep timing and duration. The results from the proposed work will allow us to quantify relationships among eating at inappropriate circadian times, sleep-wake timing variability, weight, body composition, and meal composition. Identifying potential modifiable behaviors (e.g., timing of meals and sleep) to reduce weight levels in this population is crucial for developing research based strategies for decreasing the burdens and high cost of disease during adulthood. The results will provide additional information about the relationships between circadian rhythms, sleep-wake behavior, and metabolism. The knowledge can be utilized in public health forums, including educational campaigns about food timing and its effects on body composition.

 描述（由申请人提供）：在发达国家，超过 30% 的美国人肥胖，全球有 14 亿成年人超重，肥胖是多种代谢疾病的危险因素，造成约 1,470 亿美元的损失。在美国，肥胖率每年增加最多的是大学生群体，这个年龄段是建立长期夜间饮食行为的关键发育时期。睡眠-觉醒时间的变化是体重增加和肥胖的新的潜在风险因素，但我们对这些风险因素如何影响大学生的体重和肥胖知之甚少。我们最近发现大学生饭后进食的数量。 2000 小时与相对于体重较高的体脂百分比相关，但是，需要更详细地了解进餐时间与昼夜节律生理学和睡眠-觉醒行为之间的关系：(i) 大学生的昼夜节律阶段延迟。与老年人口相比因此，2000 小时可能不是“昼夜节律”夜晚（即褪黑激素升高时）；(ii) 一天中特定时间的膳食组成可能会不同地影响身体成分；(iii) 不同的睡眠-觉醒时间可能会影响身体成分；因此，我们提出一项实验来确定大学本科生的进餐和睡眠觉醒时间变异与体重、身体成分和膳食成分之间的关​​系。这项研究将是对目前资助的 NIH R01 项目的补充。关于社交网络对大学生睡眠的影响，每个学生在校期间参与 1 个月的研究，方法是：（i）每天完成两次有关睡眠-觉醒模式的在线日记；（ii）佩戴监测睡眠的传感器。和清醒状态；(iii) 允许手机上的应用程序跟踪电话和互联网的使用情况；以及 (iv) 在我们的设施中过夜以评估褪黑激素的产生（昼夜节律阶段的标志以及昼夜节律系统开始促进的时间）睡觉）。对于在此补充中，我们还将使用带时间戳的手机食物日记跟踪 7 天的食物消耗时间和内容，并记录他们的体重和身体成分（身体脂肪百分比）。在线睡眠-觉醒日记和测量每日睡眠时间和持续时间的可穿戴传感器这项工作的结果将使我们能够量化不适当的昼夜节律时间饮食、睡眠-觉醒时间变异、体重、身体成分和膳食成分之间的关​​系。识别潜在的可改变的行为（例如，吃饭和睡眠的时间）来降低该人群的体重水平对于制定基于研究的策略以减轻成年期间疾病的负担和高成本至关重要。这些知识可用于公共卫生论坛，包括有关食物时间及其对身体成分影响的教育活动。