Improving Novice Driver Roadway Hazard Identification Through a Parent-Focused Intervention

通过以家长为中心的干预措施提高新手驾驶员道路危险识别能力

• 批准号: 10890278
• 负责人: Elizabeth O'Neal
• 金额: $ 24.85万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF IOWA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-01 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10890278
• 关键词: Abbreviations; Address; Adult; Automobile Driving; Award; Child; Child Rearing; Cognition; Communication; Complex; Control Groups; Detection; Development; Discipline; Drops; Educational Intervention; Educational process of instructing; Engineering; Environment; Evaluation; Event; Evidence based intervention; Exhibits; Exposure to; Failure; Family; Feedback; Fellowship; Future; Goals; Hazard Identification; Individual Differences; Instruction; Interdisciplinary Study; Intervention; Learning; Learning Module; Licensure; Literature; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Online Systems; Parents; Pattern; Perception; Phase; Population; Positioning Attribute; Postdoctoral Fellow; Prevention; Primary Prevention; Problem behavior; Psychology; Public Health; Reaction; Research; Risk; Risk Taking; Running; Speed; Strategic Planning; Supervision; Teenagers; Temperament; Testing; Training; Training Programs; Translational Research; Traumatic injury; Vehicle crash; Vulnerable Populations; Work; adaptive learning; comparison control; design; distracted driving; evidence base; experience; feasibility testing; hazard; improved; injury prevention; instructor; parent-child communication; prevent; preventive intervention; programs; response; scaffold; simulation; skills; teacher; teen drivers; teen driving; therapy development

Project Summary Teen drivers are three times more likely to be involved in a fatal crash than adult drivers. Several factors contribute to increased crash risk among novice teen drivers, including distracted driving, inexperience, heightened risk taking, and an underdeveloped ability to identify potential roadway hazards. Potential hazards refer to emerging threats on or near the roadway (e.g., the car in front of you braking suddenly due to a pedestrian darting into traffic) which may or may not evolve into an actual hazard or crash. Experienced drivers quickly identify and respond to potential hazards with little to no effortful cognition. Novice drivers need repeated experience in the perception of hazards to effectively identify and respond to potential hazards, yet fail to develop this skill during the learner phase of licensure. We hypothesize that this experience can be hastened with specific parental guidance. As primary supervisors and teachers during the learner phase of licensure, parents are well positioned to teach their children to identify latent hazards in the driving environment. However, research on driving supervision indicates this type of instruction is almost completely absent. The overall goal of the current project is to improve parental instruction and practice surrounding these events. The first aim of this proposal is to describe parent-teen conversations about hazard identification and mitigation while parents and teens jointly engage in a perceptual/adaptive learning module – a hazard anticipation training program delivered via video. We hypothesize that parents will vary in how they scaffold teens’ ability to correctly identify and perceive hazards according to individual differences in teen temperament, parenting style, and family communication pattern. The second aim seeks to develop a hazard anticipation training program to teach parents to better communicate with their children about identifying potential hazards on the roadway. To this end we will modify an existing training program, designed to help drivers anticipate hazards on the roadway, to help improve parents’ communication related to these events. For the third and final aim, we will test the impact of the intervention in a state-of-the-art driving simulator, the NADS-1. We hypothesize that compared to controls, parents exposed to the intervention will show improved high-order driving instruction - applicable to the current and future driving environment. We also hypothesize that teens of parents exposed to the intervention the will look to and respond to potential hazards on the roadway more quickly and reliably than those assigned to the control. My graduate training in parent-child communication, my MPH which trained me in population-level primary prevention, and my postdoctoral fellowship in simulation research have prepared me to begin this interdisciplinary research. This K99/R01 award will equip me with the necessary training and skills in intervention development, implementation, and evaluation to achieve the aims set forth in this proposal. Additionally, this proposal directly addresses goals set forth by the NICHD strategic plan by assessing and preventing the leading cause of traumatic injury in teens, motor-vehicle crashes.

项目概要 青少年司机发生致命车祸的可能性是成年司机的三倍。有几个因素。 导致青少年新手驾驶员的碰撞风险增加，包括分心驾驶、缺乏经验、 冒险精神强，识别潜在道路危险的能力不强。 指道路上或附近出现的威胁（例如，您前面的汽车由于突然刹车而突然刹车） 行人闯入车流），这可能会也可能不会演变成实际的危险或撞车事故。 新手驾驶员几乎不需要任何努力的认知即可快速识别并应对潜在危险。 在危险感知方面的反复经验，以有效识别和应对潜在危险，但 我们发现，在获得许可的学习阶段未能发展这项技能。 作为学习者阶段的主要主管和教师，加速了家长的具体指导。 有了驾照，父母就可以很好地教导孩子识别驾驶中的潜在危险 然而，对驾驶监督的研究表明这种类型的指导几乎是完全的。 当前项目的总体目标是改善家长的指导和实践。 该提案的首要目的是描述家长与青少年关于危险识别和事件的对话。 父母和青少年共同参与感知/适应性学习模块时的缓解措施——一种危险 通过视频提供的预期培训计划让我们着迷的是，父母的支持方式会有所不同。 青少年根据青少年气质的个体差异正确识别和感知危险的能力， 第二个目标旨在培养危险预期。 培训计划，教导家长更好地与孩子沟通，识别潜在危险 为此，我们将修改现有的培训计划，旨在帮助驾驶员预测。 道路上的危险，帮助改善父母与这些事件相关的沟通。 最终目标是，我们将在最先进的驾驶模拟器 NADS-1 中测试干预的影响。 此前，与对照组相比，接受干预的父母将表现出更高的高阶水平 驾驶指导——适用于当前和未来的驾驶环境。 接受干预的父母会更多地关注道路上的潜在危险并对其做出反应 比那些分配给对照的人更快、更可靠。 MPH 对我进行了人口一级预防方面的培训，并为我提供了模拟方面的博士后研究金 研究已经为我开始这项跨学科研究做好了准备。这个 K99/R01 奖项将使我具备以下能力： 为实现目标而制定、实施和评估干预措施所需的培训和技能 此外，该提案还直接涉及 NICHD 战略制定的目标。 通过评估和预防青少年创伤性伤害的主要原因——机动车事故来制定计划。