Impact of Effortful Control & Negative Affectivity on Eating & Weight Status

努力控制的影响

• 批准号: 7897137
• 负责人: JEFFREY C LIEW
• 金额: $ 7.33万
• 依托单位: TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-10 至 2012-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7897137
• 关键词: 6 year old; Address; Adolescent; Adult; Age; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Caregivers; Caucasians; Caucasoid Race; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Clinical; Consumption; Data; Development; Diet Habits; Eating; Eating Behavior; Emotions; Energy Intake; Environmental Risk Factor; Ethnic group; Exhibits; FDA approved; Food; Frequencies; Future; Goals; Heart Rate; Hispanics; Household; Human Resources; Intervention; Laboratories; Literature; Longevity; Measurement; Measures; Methodology; Modeling; Nursery Schools; Obesity; One-Step dentin bonding system; Outcome; Overweight; Parents; Personality Traits; Physical activity; Population; Prevalence; Prevention; Prevention program; Questionnaires; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Respiration; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Security; Stress; Surveys; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Training; Weight; Weight Gain; Work; base; biological adaptation to stress; coping; design; effective intervention; emotion regulation; emotional eating; ethnic difference; executive function; experience; feeding; food consumption; fruits and vegetables; indexing; innovation; obesity in children; obesity prevention; obesity risk; prevent; psychosocial; public health relevance; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Emotional eating has been identified as an unhealthy behavior and risk factor for overweight status among children, adolescents and adults. Emotional eating - tendency to eat when not hungry to cope with stress or negative emotion - leads to overweight status through the increased consumption of high energy dense foods over time. Cross-cultural differences have been found in the prevalence of emotional eating, with Hispanics reporting higher frequencies of emotional eating than Caucasians. Very little is known about what predisposes children to emotionally eat, but the developmental literature can elucidate potential child characteristics that predispose children to emotionally eat. The proposed study explores the relationship between negative affectivity and effortful control (two constructs that have been found to predict children's psychosocial, behavioral and academic outcomes) to emotional eating and a child's weight status. The central hypothesis for the proposed research is that children who exhibit high levels of negative affectivity and/or low levels of effortful control may be more likely to emotionally eat which could put them at risk future weight gain beyond what is developmentally appropriate. The sample will consist of 200 children between the ages of 4 to 6 years old, of which 100 will be Hispanic and 100 will be Caucasian. Children will be given a standard FDA approved snack before being asked to complete an Effortful Control Battery, followed by a mildly stressing task. Stress responses will be measured via respiration and heart rate. After the stress induction, children will partake in an eating laboratory task designed to measure emotional eating. While the children are completing the tasks their primary caregiver will complete several questionnaires related to the child's temperamental negative affectivity, effortful control, child eating behaviors, child physical activity levels, parental feeding strategies, and food-related household security. This research is innovative because it combined the developmental, emotional eating, and obesity literature to create a hypothesized model of emotional eating that can predispose children to become overweight. It goes beyond identifying risk factors for emotional eating and addresses why there are cross-cultural differences in emotional eating and prevalence of children overweight. In addition, it furthers the developmental literature by establishing measurement equivalence on measures of effortful control and temperamental negative affectivity and exploring cross-cultural differences on these measures. If our hypotheses are confirmed, empirically validated interventions for children exist to increase emotion regulation and inhibitory control which may be important interventions to include in obesity prevention programs. The cross-cultural differences that emerge may also inform adaptations to obesity prevention programs for Hispanic children. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This proposal is attempting to identify a specific group of children at risk for becoming overweight, or for those already overweight for becoming obese, through child temperamental factors. If our hypotheses are confirmed, empirically validated interventions for children exist to increase emotion regulation and inhibitory control which may be important interventions to include in obesity prevention programs. The cross-cultural differences that emerge may also inform adaptations to obesity prevention programs for Hispanic children.

描述（由申请人提供）：情感饮食已被确定为儿童，青少年和成人超重状况的不健康行为和风险因素。情绪饮食 - 不愿渴望应对压力或负面情绪的倾向 - 通过随着时间的推移消耗高能量致密食物而导致超重状态。在情感饮食的流行率中发现了跨文化差异，西班牙裔人报告的情感饮食频率比高加索人更高。关于让儿童容易在情感上饮食的知识知之甚少，但是发展文献可以阐明使儿童易于情感饮食的潜在儿童特征。拟议的研究探讨了负面情感和努力控制的关系（已经发现两种预测儿童的社会心理，行为和学术成果的结构）与情感饮食与儿童体重状况之间的关系。拟议研究的中心假设是，表现出高水平的负面情感和/或努力控制水平的儿童可能更有可能在情感上饮食，这可能会使他们处于危险之外，将来的体重增加超出了发展。该样本将由200名4至6岁的儿童组成，其中100名是西班牙裔，有100名将是高加索人。在被要求完成努力的控制电池之前，将为儿童提供标准的FDA批准的小吃，然后进行轻度压力的任务。压力反应将通过呼吸和心率来衡量。压力诱导后，儿童将参加旨在衡量情感饮食的饮食实验室任务。在完成任务的同时，他们的主要照顾者将完成几份与儿童性情负面情感，努力控制，儿童饮食行为，儿童体育锻炼水平，父母喂养策略和与食物相关的家庭安全有关的问卷。这项研究具有创新性，因为它结合了发展，情感饮食和肥胖文献，创建了一种假设的情感饮食模型，这种模型可能使儿童倾向于超重。它不仅仅是确定情感饮食的危险因素，还解决了为什么在情绪饮食和超重儿童患病率上存在跨文化差异。此外，它通过建立对努力控制和气质负面情感性的衡量标准以及探索这些措施上的跨文化差异的衡量标准来提高发展文献。如果确认我们的假设，则存在对儿童的经验验证的干预措施，以增加情绪调节和抑制性控制，这可能是预防肥胖计划中的重要干预措施。出现的跨文化差异也可能为对西班牙裔儿童的肥胖预防计划的适应提供信息。 公共卫生相关性：该提议试图确定一群有可能超重的儿童，或者通过儿童气质因素来确定那些已经超重的孩子。如果确认我们的假设，则存在对儿童的经验验证的干预措施，以增加情绪调节和抑制性控制，这可能是预防肥胖计划中的重要干预措施。出现的跨文化差异也可能为对西班牙裔儿童的肥胖预防计划的适应提供信息。