Effects of Smoking Expectancy on the Neural Response to Reward in Human Smokers

吸烟预期对人类吸烟者奖励神经反应的影响

基本信息

批准号：
7975975
负责人：
Stephen Jeffrey Wilson
金额：
$ 21.54万
依托单位：
PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-09-20 至 2012-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7975975
关键词：
Abstinence Addictive Behavior Address Affect Animal Experimentation Animals Behavior Behavioral Model Brain region Cause of Death Cigarette Smoker Clinical Corpus striatum structure Development Disease Dorsal Drug Addiction Drug Delivery Systems Drug usage Drug user Eating Disorders Exhibits Expectancy Face Feedback Foundations Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Future Goals Health Benefit Hour Human Incentives Individual Individual Differences Knowledge Lead Link Maintenance Nature Nicotine Dependence Outcome Pharmaceutical Preparations Play Process Psychological reinforcement Public Health Relapse Relative (related person)Research Rewards Role Sarin Self Administration Smoke Smoker Smoking Substance Use Disorder Time Treatment Efficacy addiction attenuation cigarette smoking clinically relevant drug reward drug seeking behavior expectation insight interest motivational processes non-drug novel public health relevance reinforcer relating to nervous system response reward processing

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Drug addiction is characterized by a blunted response to non-drug incentives and rewards. This attenuation appears to be especially pronounced when addicted individuals anticipate that drug use soon will be possible. Non-human animal studies indicate that there are large individual differences in the extent to which non-drug rewards are devalued when drug delivery is expected. Moreover, animal research suggests that several clinically-relevant aspects of addictive behavior are predicted by individual differences in the expectancy- related devaluation of non-drug rewards. To date, individual differences in the effects of drug use expectancy on the processing of non-drug rewards, and the functional correlates of such individual differences, have not been investigated in human drug users. The goal of this proposal is to address this knowledge gap by examining the nature and implications of individual differences in the effects of drug use expectancy on neural responses to non-drug rewards in human smokers (n=60). The specific aims of the proposed research are: 1) To examine the effects of a novel within-subjects smoking expectancy manipulation on neural responses to non-drug (i.e., monetary) rewards in human smokers; and 2) To examine how individual differences in the effects of smoking expectancy on neural responses to non-drug rewards relate to the ability to resist smoking in order to obtain an incentive. We hypothesize that individuals will vary significantly in the degree to which non-drug rewards are devalued when drug use is anticipated. As the ability of non-drug incentives to serve as an effective reinforcer for abstinence behavior likely depends substantially upon the extent to which they maintain their value in the face of an opportunity to use drugs, we also hypothesize that individual differences in the expectancy-induced devaluation of non-drug rewards will be predictive of the capacity to refrain from smoking in order to obtain money. This proposal serves as an initial step towards a long-term research plan aimed at investigating the reward-processing biases that play an important role in maintaining addictive behavior. Specifically, if our predictions are supported, future studies will extend the proposed research by seeking to identify variables that modulate the expectancy-related devaluation of non-drug rewards (e.g., the magnitude and delay of the non-drug reward), elucidating approaches for minimizing reward devaluation within individuals (e.g., individually tailored incentives), and examining changes in expectancy-related devaluation associated with the implementation of such approaches. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Cigarette smoking remains one of the leading preventable causes of death and disease in the world. Accordingly, developing a better understanding of the motivational factors that underlie the maintenance of nicotine addiction and, ultimately, how to more effectively treat the disorder will have substantial public health benefits. Moreover, results from this project will be applicable to several other disorders characterized by aberrant motivational processing (e.g., other substance use disorders, eating disorders).

描述（由申请人提供）：吸毒成瘾的特征是对非药物激励措施和奖励的反应钝化。当上瘾的个体预计很快使用毒品时，这种衰减似乎特别明显。非人类动物研究表明，在预期药物输送时，非毒品奖励贬值的程度上存在很大的个体差异。此外，动物研究表明，成瘾行为的几个与临床上的方面相关的方面是通过与期望与非药物奖励相关的贬值的个体差异来预测的。迄今为止，在人类吸毒者中，尚未对药物使用预期对非药物奖励处理以及此类个体差异的功能相关性的个人差异进行研究。该提案的目的是通过检查人类吸烟者对非药物奖励的神经反应对非药物奖励的神经反应的个体差异的性质和含义来解决这一知识差距（n = 60）。拟议的研究的具体目的是：1）检查新型受试者的预期操纵对人类吸烟者对非药物（即货币）奖励的神经反应的影响； 2）检查预期烟的影响对非药物奖励的神经反应的影响与抵抗吸烟的能力以获得激励措施有关。我们假设，当预计药物使用时，个人会在非药物奖励的程度上有很大差异。由于非药物激励措施作为禁欲行为有效增强的能力可能在很大程度上取决于他们面对使用药物的机会维持其价值的程度，因此我们还假设，预期诱发的非毒品奖励贬值中的个体差异将预测能够避免获得货币的能力。该提案是朝着长期研究计划迈出的第一步，旨在调查在维持成瘾行为方面发挥重要作用的奖励加工偏见。具体而言，如果支持我们的预测，未来的研究将通过寻求确定与期望与期望相关的变量进行扩展的研究（例如，非毒品奖励的幅度和延迟），阐明了在个人内（例如，将相关的型号的偏离）变化，并将其用于验证的变化，并在范围内进行验证，并将这些方法与此相关的变化，并以相关的方式进行了验证，并以相关的方式进行了验证，并将其与之相关。公共卫生相关性：吸烟仍然是世界上可预防的死亡和疾病原因之一。因此，对维持尼古丁成瘾的基础的动机因素有了更好的理解，最终，如何更有效地治疗该疾病将带来可观的公共卫生益处。此外，该项目的结果将适用于其他几种以异常动机加工（例如其他药物使用障碍，饮食失调）为特征的其他疾病。