Spanking and hitting children: Trends and changes in risk factors in consecutive, longitudinal, national samples of parents from 1993-2022

打屁股和打孩子：1993-2022 年连续、纵向、全国父母样本中危险因素的趋势和变化

• 批准号: 10672402
• 负责人: Christopher J Mehus
• 金额: $ 7.77万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10672402
• 关键词: 12 year old; Academy; Address; Affect; Age; American; Anger; Awareness; COVID-19 pandemic; COVID-19 pandemic effects; Characteristics; Child; Child Abuse; Child Development; Child Health; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Development; Family; Foundations; Funding; Future; Goals; Health; Home; Investments; Knowledge; Longitudinal trends; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mental Health; Modeling; Monitor; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Outcome; Parents; Participant; Pattern; Pediatrics; Policies; Prevalence; Prevention; Professional Organizations; Public Health; Public Policy; Publishing; Punishment; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Stress; Substance Use Disorder; Surveys; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; Violence; Youth; analytical method; clinical practice; cohort; experience; follow-up; insight; interest; novel; novel strategies; pandemic disease; physical abuse; preventive intervention; prospective; substance use; theories; time use; trend; twelfth grade; violence prevention

ABSTRACT Corporal punishment (e.g., spanking) and physical abuse (e.g., hitting out of anger) are related to health and developmental consequences for children, including mental health and substance use disorders. Knowledge of current trends and risk factors for parental violence – including through the years of the COVID-19 pandemic – is needed to inform policy and clinical practice, and is critical for understanding which families may benefit most from targeted prevention efforts. Previous studies have been unable to provide this knowledge because of limited longitudinal data and a predominant reliance on one-time cross-sectional surveys. Further, theory and research over the past half-century has identified a wide range of risk factors for parental violence (e.g., substance use, previous experiences with violence, poor mental health), but no previous research has examined whether risk factors for violence have changed over time. This R03 addresses these critical gaps using untapped data from the NIH-funded Monitoring the Future (MTF) study. MTF is the only annually- repeated survey with measures of spanking and hitting a child and, therefore, the only data available to answer the questions proposed in this R03. The long-term goal of this research is to capitalize on existing investments in the MTF study to inform and guide violence prevention efforts. The overall objectives in this study are to (1) examine trends in parental violence, including through the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) investigate whether concurrent or prospective risk factors for parental violence have remained constant or changed across recent decades, including during the pandemic. The total sample (n~19,300) will include parents from 30 consecutive cohorts, followed longitudinally, who reached age 35 from 1993 (1st cohort) to 2022 (30th cohort). This R03 includes three aims: (Aim 1) Identify parental characteristics associated with the greatest risk for physical violence toward children, using longitudinal regression and path models; (Aim 2) Examine the long-term trends of parental violence, using Joinpoint models; and (Aim 3) Determine whether – and in what ways – risk factors for violence have changed over time, using time-varying effect modeling (TVEM). The successful completion of this R03 will contribute significantly to the field’s understanding of current trends and risk factors for spanking and hitting children. This study addresses a critical need to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on parental violence in the context of long-term trends. The inclusion of data through 2022 will enable examination of changes in trends and risk factors associated with the pandemic. This study is novel in the use of longitudinal data from annually repeated surveys containing parental violence measures and in the analytic methods used. This study will generate knowledge that can immediately inform policy, clinical practice, and prevention efforts in support of healthy child development.

抽象的 体罚（例如打屁股）和身体虐待（例如愤怒地打人）与健康和健康有关。 对儿童的发育影响，包括心理健康和药物滥用障碍的知识。 父母暴力的当前趋势和风险因素——包括在 COVID-19 大流行期间—— 需要为政策和临床实践提供信息，对于了解哪些家庭可能受益至关重要 大多数来自有针对性的预防工作，但无法提供这方面的知识，因为 有限的纵向数据和主要依赖一次性横断面调查。 过去半个世纪的研究已经确定了一系列导致父母暴力的风险因素（例如， 物质使用、以前的暴力经历、心理健康状况不佳），但以前没有研究表明 研究了暴力风险因素是否随着时间的推移而发生变化。本 R03 解决了这些关键差距。 使用 NIH 资助的监测未来 (MTF) 研究的未开发数据是唯一的年度研究。 对打屁股和打孩子的措施进行了重复调查，因此，这是唯一可以回答的数据 本 R03 中提出的问题 本研究的长期目标是利用现有投资。 MTF 研究的目的是为暴力预防工作提供信息和指导。本研究的总体目标是 (1) 检查父母暴力的趋势，包括通过 COVID-19 大流行，以及 (2) 调查是否 近年来，父母暴力的并发或预期风险因素保持不变或发生变化 几十年来，包括大流行期间，总样本（n~19,300）将包括来自连续 30 个国家的父母。 从 1993 年（第 1 组）到 2022 年（第 30 组），对年龄达到 35 岁的人群进行纵向跟踪。 包括三个目标：（目标 1）确定与最大身体风险相关的父母特征 针对儿童的暴力，使用纵向回归和路径模型（目标 2）检查长期趋势； 使用 Joinpoint 模型来了解父母暴力的情况；以及（目标 3）确定是否以及以何种方式存在风险因素 对于暴力随着时间的推移而变化，使用时变效应模型（TVEM）成功完成。 R03 将极大地促进该领域对打屁股的当前趋势和风险因素的理解 这项研究解决了检查 COVID-19 大流行对儿童的影响的迫切需要。 纳入 2022 年之前的数据将使我们能够对长期趋势中的父母暴力进行审查。 这项研究在使用方面是新颖的。 来自每年重复调查的纵向数据，其中包含父母暴力措施和分析 这项研究将产生可以立即为政策、临床实践和研究提供信息的知识。 预防，支持儿童健康发展。