Wildfires and Flash Floods: Using Exposure Science to Identify Rural Arizona Mining Communities at Risk from the Release and Remobilization of Contaminants

野火和山洪：利用暴露科学来识别亚利桑那州农村采矿社区因污染物释放和重新流动而面临的风险

• 批准号: 10673067
• 负责人: Monica D. Ramirez-Andreotta
• 金额: $ 19.19万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10673067
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Air; Area; Arizona; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Biological Availability; Body Burden; Burn injury; Businesses; Chemicals; Child; Cities; Communities; Consumption; Copper; County; Data Analyses; Data Set; Disasters; Drainage procedure; Dust; Education; Emergency Situation; Environmental Hazards; Equity; Event; Exposure to; Family; Fire - disasters; Floods; Future; Goals; Home; Hospitals; Hour; Human; Individual; Inequality; Ingestion; Inhalation; Intervention; Mechanics; Metal exposure; Metals; Mining; Precipitation; Predisposition; Prevention strategy; Property; Public Health; Radioactive; Rain; Reporting; Resources; Risk; Rural; Rural Community; Sampling; Science; Seasons; Severities; Site; Social Justice; Soil; Structure; Surface; Surveys; Tail; Time; Training; Wildfire; Work; burn scars; climate change; community center; community science; contaminated sediment; data sharing; design; empowerment; environmental health disparity; environmental justice; exposure pathway; foot; hazard; landfill; medically underserved; meetings; operation; particle; pollutant; residence; resilience; response; underserved community; wasting

PROJECT SUMMARY Compound events due to climate change, combined with resource extraction and social justice are exacerbating exiting vulnerabilities and creating new ones. The Telegraph- Mescal fires in Gila County, Arizona in 2021 consumed 180,757 acres and 37% of the soil burn severity was moderate to high. These fires occurred in a region with 13 different resource extraction activities, including three copper mines. Shortly after the fires, the area had a record monsoon season, with over 14 inches of rainfall. Most of the mine waste in the area are un- rehabilitated, leaving them prone to mechanical dispersion, which may increase their mobility and bioavailability. Areas that have been burned by wildfires are susceptible to flash flooding and the Town of Miami and City of Globe were severely impacted. Fire events are able to alter the physical, chemical, and biogeochemical properties of the soil and surface materials and release and (re)mobilize metal(loid)s and radioactive materials, and produce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that can impact public health. Over 3,000 metric tons of potentially contaminated sediment accumulated on public roads and sidewalks in Miami and some residents reported that 12 inches of sediment settled in their yards and in some cases, entered their homes. The extent of toxic contamination of the soil and dust in the Miami/Globe areas after the fire and flooding have not been assessed. It is critical to determine the extent of post-wildfire debris flows and erosion from mine tailings and whether these geohazards are presenting exposure pathways to metal(loid)s, radioactive materials, and PAHs in neighboring rural, medically underserved, environmental justice (EJ) communities. To do this, we will: (1) survey families to identify the impacted areas and determine individual- and community-level vulnerabilities and resiliencies, (2) build human capacity through empowerment education and community science, (3) characterize contaminants released during wildfires in soil and settled dust, and (4) use an equity-centered community design approach to report all findings and provide immediate intervention and prevention strategies. EJ communities refers to areas affected by disproportionate exposure to environmental hazards and increased vulnerability to those hazards. The compound event described has significantly impacted these rural communities that are surrounded by active/legacy mines and smelter operations, further exacerbating the possible exposure to contaminants, increasing their risk, and exploiting the structural inequalities and environmental health disparities in these areas.

项目概要 气候变化导致的复合事件，加上资源开采和社会 司法公正正在加剧现有的脆弱性并创造新的脆弱性。电讯报- 2021 年亚利桑那州希拉县的梅斯卡尔大火烧毁了 180,757 英亩土地，烧毁了 37% 的土壤 严重程度为中度至高度。这些火灾发生在拥有 13 种不同资源的地区 开采活动，包括三个铜矿。火灾发生后不久，该地区就创下了历史记录 季风季节，降雨量超过 14 英寸。该地区的大部分矿山废物都未经过处理 康复，使他们容易受到机械分散的影响，这可能会增加他们的流动性和 生物利用度。被野火烧毁的地区容易发生山洪暴发， 迈阿密镇和环球城受到严重影响。火灾事件能够改变 土壤和表面物质的物理、化学和生物地球化学特性及其释放 和（再）移动金属（类）和放射性物质，并产生多环芳香族化合物 可能影响公众健康的碳氢化合物 (PAH)。潜在储量超过 3,000 吨 迈阿密和一些居民的公共道路和人行道上堆积了受污染的沉积物 报道称，12 英寸的沉积物沉积在他们的院子里，在某些情况下，还进入了他们的家中。 迈阿密/环球地区土壤和灰尘有毒污染程度 火灾和洪水尚未得到评估。确定野火后的范围至关重要 尾矿造成的泥石流和侵蚀以及这些地质灾害是否存在 邻近农村地区金属（类）、放射性物质和多环芳烃的暴露途径 医疗服务不足、环境正义 (EJ) 社区。为此，我们将：（1）调查 家庭确定受影响的地区并确定个人和社区层面 脆弱性和复原力，(2) 通过赋权教育和 社区科学，(3) 描述野火期间释放到土壤和定居的污染物的特征 灰尘，（4）使用以公平为中心的社区设计方法来报告所有发现并提供 立即干预和预防策略。 EJ 社区是指受以下影响的地区 过度暴露于环境危害并增加了对这些危害的脆弱性。 所描述的复合事件对这些农村社区产生了重大影响 被活跃/遗留矿山和冶炼厂包围，进一步加剧了可能的情况 暴露于污染物，增加其风险，并利用结构性不平等和 这些地区的环境健康差异。