Genomic Studies Mammalian Y Chromosomes

基因组研究 哺乳动物 Y 染色体

• 批准号: 7895926
• 负责人: David C. Page
• 金额: $ 99.5万
• 依托单位: WHITEHEAD INSTITUTE FOR BIOMEDICAL RES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-01-01 至 2014-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7895926
• 关键词: Animal Experimentation; Animal Model; Animals; Biological; Birds; Bos taurus; Callithrix; Callithrix jacchus jacchus; Chickens; Chromosomes; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8; Chromosomes, Human, Y; Collaborations; Defect; Development; Didelphidae; Disease; Ensure; Female; Fertility; Funding; Genes; Genetic; Genome; Genomics; Germ Cells; Goals; Grant; Health; Human; Human Biology; Infertility; Invertebrates; Knowledge; Laboratories; Length; Light; Link; Macaca mulatta; Male Infertility; Malignant Neoplasms; Mammals; Maps; Medical; Medicine; Monodelphis Domestica; Morphology; Mus; National Human Genome Research Institute; Oogenesis; Pan Genus; Paper; Pattern; Plants; Play; Process; Production; Rattus; Rattus norvegicus; Recurrence; Reproduction; Research Infrastructure; Research Personnel; Rest; Role; Sequence Analysis; Sex Chromosomes; Shotguns; Spermatogenesis; Staging; Structure; System; Transcript; Turner' s Syndrome; Universities; Validation; Vertebrates; Washington; Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing; Work; X Chromosome; Y Chromosome; autosome; college; comparative; expectation; genome sequencing; human male; insight; interest; male; member; men; public health relevance; reproductive function; response; sex; sex determination; sperm cell

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The aims of this 5-year project are to (1) initiate and complete the sequencing of the Y chromosomes of five species - rhesus macaque, marmoset, rat, bull, and opossum, and (2) complete the sequencing of the chicken W chromosome (currently ~10% sequenced). NHGRI has approved the targeting of these five Y chromosomes and the chicken W chromosome for full-scale sequencing. The new Y chromosomes will be added to our queue of three current sex chromosome sequencing projects, the mouse Y and the chicken Z and W, which are in various stages of completion. Our goal is to complete the sequence and annotation of all 8 chromosomes by the end of the next 5-year funding period. During the last 18 years, genomic studies have revealed that Y chromosomes are biologically richer and medically more important than anyone would have predicted. These genomic studies recently culminated in the finished and annotated sequences of the human and chimpanzee Y chromosomes, which are, to date, the only sex-specific chromosomes to have been sequenced from any species, vertebrate or invertebrate, plant or animal. Knowledge of the human Y chromosome sequence has allowed researchers to identify and characterize recurrent Y deletions, which have emerged as the most common of the known causes of infertility in men. Comparative sequencing in chimpanzee has shed light on the functional importance of genes on the human Y chromosome. We suspect that the sex-specific chromosomes of six of NHGRI's high-priority sequencing targets - rhesus, marmoset, rat, bull, opossum, and chicken - will also prove to be of great biomedical interest. The sequences of the new Y chromosomes will offer insight into the human Y chromosome's role in health and disease and will provide essential infrastructure for elucidating mammalian and human germ cell development and sperm production. The chicken W chromosome will be the first female-specific chromosome to be sequenced from any species. We anticipate that the sequence of the W chromosome will inform our understanding of human biology by offering insights into female fertility, oogenesis, and sex determination. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: In recent decades, genomic studies in human, chimpanzee, and mouse have revealed that Y chromosomes are biologically richer and medically more important than anyone would have predicted. The Y chromosome sequences of five new species - rhesus macaque, marmoset, rat, bull, and opossum - will likely prove to be of great biomedical interest as well, offering insights into the human Y chromosome's role in health and disease and providing the essential infrastructure for elucidating mammalian and human germ cell development and sperm production. The chicken W chromosome, as the female counterpart of the mammalian Y, will inform our understanding of human biology by offering insights into female fertility, oogenesis, and sex determination.

描述（由申请人提供）：该5年项目的目的是（1）启动和完成五种五种Y染色体的测序 - 恒河猕猴，泥浆，大鼠，大鼠，牛和负鼠，以及（2）完成鸡W染色体的测序（目前〜10％测序）。 NHGRI已批准将这五种Y染色体和鸡W染色体的靶向进行全尺度测序。新的Y染色体将被添加到我们的三个当前性别染色体测序项目的队列中，即小鼠Y和Chicken Z和W，它们处于各个阶段。我们的目标是在接下来的5年筹资期结束前完成所有8种染色体的顺序和注释。在过去的18年中，基因组研究表明，Y染色体在生物学上比任何人预期的都要富裕，医学上更重要。这些基因组研究最近以人类和黑猩猩Y染色体的成品和注释序列达到顶峰，这些染色体是迄今为止唯一从任何物种，脊椎动物或无脊椎动物或植物，植物，植物或动物中测序的唯一性别特异性染色体。对人Y染色体序列的了解使研究人员能够识别和表征经常性Y缺失，这些缺失已成为男性中不育的最常见原因。黑猩猩中的比较测序揭示了基因对人Y染色体的功能重要性。我们怀疑NHGRI高优先级测序目标的六个性别特异性染色体 - 恒河机，Marmoset，Rat，Bull，Bull，opossum和Chicken-也将被证明具有很大的生物医学兴趣。新Y染色体的序列将洞悉人类Y染色体在健康和疾病中的作用，并为阐明哺乳动物和人类生殖细胞发育以及精子产生的基础设施提供必不可少的基础设施。鸡W染色体将是第一个从任何物种中测序的女性特异性染色体。我们预计W染色体的顺序将通过提供对女性生育能力，卵子发生和性别确定的见解来告知我们对人类生物学的理解。 公共卫生相关性：近几十年来，人类，黑猩猩和小鼠的基因组研究表明，Y染色体在生物学上比任何人预期的都要丰富，医学上更重要。五个新物种的Y染色体序列 - 恒河猕猴，Marmoset，Rat，Bull和负鼠 - 可能也具有极大的生物医学兴趣，为人类Y染色体在健康和疾病中的作用提供了见解，并为阐明哺乳动物和人类细菌细胞的生产提供了基本的基础设施。作为哺乳动物Y的女性对应物，鸡W染色体将通过提供对女性生育能力，卵子发生和性别确定的见解来告知我们对人类生物学的理解。