Project 4: Trait Fear and Fearlessness in Humans (pg 229)

项目 4：人类特质的恐惧和无所畏惧（第 229 页）

• 批准号: 7882646
• 负责人: CHRISTOPHER JOHN PATRICK
• 金额: $ 27.75万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7882646
• 关键词: Attention; Biological; Brain; Communities; Dimensions; Emotions; Etiology; Foundations; Fright; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Genetic; Human; Image; Impairment; Imprisonment; Individual; Individual Differences; Laboratories; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Mental Health; Mind; Participant; Personality; Phase; Psychometrics; Psychopathology; Research; Sampling; Testing; Twin Multiple Birth; Variant; Work; base; biological systems; interest; psychopathic personality; trait; Attention; Biological; Brain; Communities; Dimensions; Emotions; Etiology; Foundations; Fright; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Genetic; Human; Image; Impairment; Imprisonment; Individual; Individual Differences; Laboratories; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Mental Health; Mind; Participant; Personality; Phase; Psychometrics; Psychopathology; Research; Sampling; Testing; Twin Multiple Birth; Variant; Work; base; biological systems; interest; psychopathic personality; trait

There is increasing interest in mapping dimensions of personality and psychopathology onto biological systems. Fear is a key construct in this regard because it represents a dimension of human variation with direct biological significance and clear mental health implications. The broad objective of the proposed research is to explore etiologic contributions to trait fear and fearlessness in human participants and to examine brain mechanisms associated with individual differences in fear reactivity. A foundation for this work is prior research demonstrating impairments in fear-potentiated startle among incarcerated psychopathic individuals, who have been conceptualized as fearless. More recent research has revealed similar impairments in community participants high in Fearless Dominance, a psychopathy-related construct that acts as a low pole indicator of trait fear. Three phases of research are proposed to extend this work, with the following aims in mind: (1) Psychometric measures of trait fear and fearlessness will be collected from a large community twin sample to evaluate genetic and environmental contributions to a latent fear dimension; (2) A subset of these twin pairs will be tested in the laboratory to establish fear-potentiated startle as a marker of this underlying trait fear dimension, and to determine the etiologic basis of this association; and (3) Twin pairs selected to be low or high on both trait-fear scores and level of fear-potentiated startle will be tested in a neuro-imaging (fMRI) study to investigate differences in brain reactivity associated with variations in trait fear, and to yield clues as to the etiology of these differences. This research will contribute to our understanding of the biological underpinnings of trait fear and fearlessness in humans, and in connection with this, advance conceptualization and measurement of a construct of fundamental relevance to personality and psychopathology.

将人格和心理病理学的绘制维度映射到越来越多的兴趣 生物系统。恐惧是这方面的关键结构，因为它代表了 人类的变异具有直接的生物学意义和清晰的心理健康影响。宽阔 拟议的研究的目的是探索对特质恐惧和无畏性的病因贡献 人类参与者并检查与恐惧个体差异相关的大脑机制 反应性。这项工作的基础是先前的研究，证明了恐惧受体的损害 在被监禁的精神病患者中惊慌失措，他们被概念化为无所畏惧。 最近的研究揭示了社区参与者的类似障碍，无所畏惧 主导地位，一种与精神病相关的结构，充当了特质恐惧的低极指标。三 提议研究阶段扩展这项工作，并牢记以下目的：（1） 特质恐惧和无畏性的心理测量方法将从一个大型社区双胞胎中收集 样本以评估对潜在恐惧维度的遗传和环境贡献； （2） 这些双胞胎对将在实验室进行测试，以确立恐惧的惊吓作为此标志的标志 基本的特质恐惧维度，并确定这种关联的病因基础； （3）双胞胎 在特质恐惧分数上被选为低或高的对，而恐惧感的惊吓水平将是 在一项神经图像（fMRI）研究中进行了测试，以研究与 特质恐惧的变化，并提出有关这些差异的病因的线索。这项研究会 有助于我们理解特质恐惧和无畏性的生物学基础 人类以及与此相关的，提前概念化和测量 与人格和心理病理学的基本相关性。