Screening For Moderate Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Soon After Birth

出生后不久筛查中度产前乙醇暴露

• 批准号: 7541348
• 负责人: Stacie Schorr Miller
• 金额: $ 3万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NY,BINGHAMTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7541348
• 关键词: Affect; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholism; Animal Model; Arousal; Attenuated; Aversive Stimulus; Behavior Therapy; Birth; Child; Cognitive deficits; Conditioned Stimulus; Detection; Dose; Early Diagnosis; Emotional; Ethanol; Exposure to; Fatigue; Fetal Alcohol Exposure; Fetal Alcohol Syndrome; Goals; Hour; Human; Infant; Intake; Intervention; Lead; Learning; Life; Measures; Memory; Methods; Milk; Motor; Motor Activity; Neonatal; Newborn Infant; Nipples; Odors; Organism; Outcome; Perinatal; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Procedures; Property; Public Health; Quinine; Rattus; Relative (related person); Risk; Screening procedure; Stimulus; System; Techniques; Testing; Water; alcohol exposure; conditioning; disability; expectation; experience; hedonic; improved; neonate; novel; olfactory stimulus; postnatal; prenatal; prenatal exposure; prenatal stress; pup; research study; response

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project summary. Neonatal responsiveness to ethanol odor will be studied toward developing an assessment of prenatal ethanol exposure and understanding how this exposure leads to increased ethanol intake later in life. Specific Aim 1 will determine the parameters of a habituation-dishabituation procedure using olfactory stimuli and measuring motor activity in prenatally untreated neonatal rats. Specific Aim 2 will use this habituation-dishabituation procedure to test the hypothesis that prenatal ethanol exposure alters responding to ethanol odor. This aim will also assess the uniqueness of any effects with prenatal ethanol exposure by dissecting the contribution of prenatal stress and prenatal exposure to an odor alone. This aim will also be sensitive to any teratogenic effects of the prenatal ethanol dose by measuring baseline motor activity, motor reactivity and habituation to a novel odor, and olfactory system function with the use of a plethysmograph. Motor activity measures in the first two aims will be latency, magnitude and duration of the orienting response, and number of trials to habituation. Specific Aim 3 will test the hypothesis that prenatal ethanol has a positive hedonic component, a possible mechanism for increased ethanol intake. This will be assessed by conditioning the neonatal rat, prenatally exposed or not, to ethanol odor and an appetitive or aversive stimulus. Learning will be demonstrated by greater attachment to an ethanol-scented artificial nipple when ethanol odor is paired with milk and less attachment when ethanol odor is paired with quinine compared to unpaired controls. If prenatal exposure to ethanol is appetitive, pups with such a treatment will show enhanced learning about ethanol odor predicting a positive outcome and worse learning when ethanol odor predicts an aversive outcome. Relevance to Public Health: Detecting moderate prenatal ethanol exposure is difficult relative to fetal alcohol syndrome yet is critical for targeting infants at risk for cognitive deficits and later ethanol abuse. With early detection, interventions may help the outcomes of these children. The proposed experiments, which cannot be conducted with humans, aim to develop a method of early detection and a better understanding of why early ethanol exposure may lead to alcohol abuse later on.

描述（申请人提供）：项目摘要。将研究对乙醇气味的新生儿反应能力，以对产前乙醇暴露的评估进行研究，并了解这种暴露如何导致生命后期的乙醇摄入量增加。具体的目标1将使用嗅觉刺激确定习惯性 - 居住程序的参数，并测量未经治疗的新生儿大鼠的运动活动。具体目标2将使用这种习惯性 - 居住程序来检验以下假设：产前乙醇暴露会改变对乙醇气味的反应。该目标还将通过剖析产前应激和单独的产前暴露于气味的贡献来评估产前乙醇暴露的任何作用的独特性。该目标还将通过测量基线运动活动，运动反应性和对新型气味的习惯，以及嗅觉系统在使用杂质时的功能，对产前乙醇剂量的任何致病作用敏感。前两个目标中的运动活动度量将是定向反应的潜伏期，幅度和持续时间，以及习惯的试验数量。特定目标3将检验以下假设：产前乙醇具有阳性乙醇成分，这是增加乙醇摄入量的可能机制。这将通过调节新生儿大鼠（无论是否暴露于产前），以应对乙醇气味以及食欲或厌恶性刺激来评估这一点。与未配对的对照相比，当乙醇气味与乙醇配对时，将通过更大的附着在乙醇味的人造乳头上的依恋来证明学习。如果产前暴露于乙醇是食欲的，那么使用这种治疗的幼崽将显示出有关乙醇气味的学习增强，预测乙醇气味预测厌恶结果时，可以预测积极的结果和更糟的学习。 与公共卫生有关：相对于胎儿酒精综合症，检测中等产前乙醇暴露是困难的，但对于瞄准有认知缺陷和后来乙醇滥用的婴儿的婴儿至关重要。通过早期发现，干预措施可能有助于这些孩子的结果。拟议的实验无法与人类一起进行，旨在开发一种早期检测方法，并更好地理解为什么早期乙醇暴露可能会导致以后导致酗酒。