Early Visual Processing in Schizophrenia

精神分裂症的早期视觉处理

• 批准号: 7619122
• 负责人: Michael F. Green
• 金额: $ 35.46万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-08-01 至 2011-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7619122
• 关键词: 12p; 16p; Accounting; Activities of Daily Living; Anterior; Area; Attenuated; Blinking; Brain Mapping; California; Cognitive Science; Collaborations; Complex; Data; Data Set; EP300 gene; Electrophysiology (science); Equation; Event; Feedback; Follow-Up Studies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Grant; Hand; Head; Image Analysis; Individual; Inferior; Institutes; Intervention; Interview; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lateral; Lead; Light; Link; Masks; Measures; Mediator of activation protein; Methods; Modeling; Neurocognitive Deficit; Outcome; Outcome Assessment; Parietal; Participant; Patients; Performance; Procedures; Process; Protocols documentation; Psychopathology; Quality Control; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research; Rest; Retina; Role; Sample Size; Sampling; Schizophrenia; Scientist; Screening procedure; Short-Term Memory; Testing; Texas; Thalamic structure; Universities; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Work; authority; design; extrastriate visual cortex; feeding; functional outcomes; hemodynamics; innovation; interest; neuroimaging; neuropsychiatry; programs; relating to nervous system; response; social cognition; visual process; visual processing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose to continue a bi-directional research program that starts with careful characterization of visual processing deficits in schizophrenia and moves systematically into exploration of neural substrates on the one hand and functional outcome on the other. Our research program rests on the premise that considerable information about schizophrenia can be obtained by a close examination of a well- characterized neurocognitive deficit, in the case of this research program, it is early visual processing. The current application takes this program of research in three new directions: First, we plan to assess separately feed forward and reentrant processes of visual processing. Feed forward processes involve the flow of information from retina to and through visual cortex. Reentrant processes, which have become a focus in cognitive science, involve iterative feedforward-feedback processing loops within the cortex. We will examine these processes with performance, electrophysiological, and functional neuroimaging approaches. Second, we will move beyond the earliest components of visual processing that are assessed with visual masking tasks to consider visual short-term memory. Our masking procedures have typically assessed the first 150 ms of visual processing, whereas visual short-term memory represents the first 200 - 500 ms of processing. We will assess this component with versions of the attentional blink task that can be administered during EEC recordings and in the fMRI scanner. Third, we will apply structural equation modeling to explore further the paths between early visual processing and functional outcome in schizophrenia. Our previous studies have reported consistent relationships between early visual processing and social cognition, and between social cognition and functional outcome. Structural equation modeling which is very well suited for these questions, but requires large sample sizes. To accomplish these goals, we plan to recruit 200 patients with schizophrenia and 60 healthy comparison subjects over the 5 years of the project. Subjects will receive interviews, assessments of visual processing (visual masking and attentional blink), and electrophysiology (EEC during visual processing tasks). A subset of participants will receive visual processing tasks in the fMRI scanner. Knowledge from this research program will lead to information on the underlying neural substrates of visual processing in schizophrenia and may lead to innovative treatments, as well as alternative ways of developing and testing new treatments. Knowledge of the relationships between perceptual deficits and daily activities and the mechanisms for these relationships will help us to understand limitations on functional outcome in schizophrenia, help make predictions about outcome, and lead to design of targeted interventions.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们建议继续开展一项双向研究计划，该计划从仔细描述精神分裂症视觉处理缺陷的特征开始，一方面系统地探索神经基质，另一方面系统地探索功能结果。我们的研究计划的前提是，通过仔细检查特征明确的神经认知缺陷可以获得有关精神分裂症的大量信息，就本研究计划而言，它是早期视觉处理。当前的应用将该研究计划引入三个新方向：首先，我们计划分别评估视觉处理的前馈和可重入过程。前馈过程涉及信息从视网膜到视觉皮层并通过视觉皮层的流动。可重入过程已成为认知科学的焦点，涉及皮层内的迭代前馈-反馈处理循环。我们将通过性能、电生理学和功能神经影像学方法来检查这些过程。其次，我们将超越通过视觉掩蔽任务评估的视觉处理的最早组成部分，以考虑视觉短期记忆。我们的掩蔽程序通常评估前 150 毫秒的视觉处理，而视觉短期记忆则代表前 200 - 500 毫秒的处理。我们将使用可在 EEC 记录期间和功能磁共振成像扫描仪中管理的注意力眨眼任务版本来评估该组件。第三，我们将应用结构方程模型来进一步探索精神分裂症早期视觉处理和功能结果之间的路径。我们之前的研究报告了早期视觉处理和社会认知之间以及社会认知和功能结果之间的一致关系。结构方程模型非常适合这些问题，但需要大量样本。为了实现这些目标，我们计划在项目的 5 年内招募 200 名精神分裂症患者和 60 名健康对照受试者。受试者将接受访谈、视觉处理评估（视觉掩蔽和注意力眨眼）和电生理学（视觉处理任务期间的 EEC）。一部分参与者将在功能磁共振成像扫描仪中接受视觉处理任务。该研究项目的知识将带来有关精神分裂症视觉处理的潜在神经基质的信息，并可能带来创新的治疗方法，以及开发和测试新治疗方法的替代方法。了解知觉缺陷与日常活动之间的关系以及这些关系的机制将有助于我们了解精神分裂症功能结果的局限性，帮助预测结果，并设计有针对性的干预措施。