Activation, Sensing, and Prevention of Formation of EPFRs in Thermal Treatment of Superfund Wastes

超级基金废物热处理中 EPFR 的激活、传感和形成预防

• 批准号: 10341197
• 负责人: Slawo M Lomnicki
• 金额: $ 24.56万
• 依托单位: LOUISIANA STATE UNIV A&M COL BATON ROUGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-15 至 2025-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10341197
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Air; Alveolar; Anions; Biological; Biological Models; Cardiac health; Cardiopulmonary; Chemicals; Collaborations; Color; Communities; Complex; Computing Methodologies; Copper; Detection; Development; Devices; Ensure; Environment; Foundations; Free Radical Formation; Free Radicals; Furans; Gases; Generations; Goals; Hazardous Waste; Health; Hydrolysis; Hydroxyl Radical; In Situ; Ionic Strengths; Iron; Laboratories; Liquid substance; Measurement; Metals; Methods; Methylene blue; Modeling; Nickel; Oxidation-Reduction; Particulate Matter; Population; Prevention; Preventive; Process; Property; Protons; Pump; Reaction; Research; Sampling; Sensory; Serum; Signal Recognition Particle; Soil; Spectrometry; Study models; Sulfides; Sulfur Compounds; Superfund; System; Technology; Testing; Time; TimeLine; Toxicity Tests; Visible Radiation; Work; Zinc; absorption; airway surface liquid; aqueous; base; biological systems; detection method; dibenzo(1,4)dioxin; diphenyl; electron density; experimental study; particle; pollutant; portability; prevent; rapid detection; remediation; respiratory health; sensor; superfund site; technology development; tool; treatment site; wasting

Project Summary/Abstract: Project 4 Thermal treatment of hazardous waste including Superfund Site wastes and soils leads to the formation of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) associated with emitted particulate matter (PM). Many metals such as copper, iron, zinc or nickel present in PM form EPFRs with varying yields and different degrees of stabilization and persistency. Such EPFR entities were shown to be potentially a primary factor causing the observed cardiopulmonary health effects in exposed populations. Our studies of model systems containing particles with single metal speciation and associated EPFRs has allowed for significant advancement in understanding the formation mechanism of EPFRs as well as the respiratory and cardiac health effects resulting from EPFR exposure. The central hypothesis of Project 4 is that the formation of EPFRs and their biological activation and their propensity to undergo catalytic cycle, producing •OH, is defined by the constituents of PM and physico-chemical properties of the media (media pH, ionic strength, and polarity) accelerate or prevent EPFR activation. Major scientific questions explored by Project 4 include 1) how does the persistent EPFR in ambient air transform to very active, redox cycling species in biological systems and 2) can the reactivity of EPFRs be exploited as a means to prevent or control EPFR formation and their detection? Project 4 takes a systematic approach to address these questions, starting with defining the mechanism by which EPFRs transition from persistent radicals to reactive species generating ·OH (i.e., activation). A bottom- up approach is used in the studies; results obtained from laboratory-made samples with simple composition will be compared and evaluated against more complex combustion-generated EPFRs and, finally, field- collected EPFRs. Capitalizing on the results from previous studies, we propose a method for EPFR prevention formation that will be studied in detail. This method is based on the “in situ” deactivation of the metal centers in thermal treatment (TT) facilities, thus effectively blocking the EPFR emissions. The field sensor development is based on EPFR propensity to generate hydroxyl radicals and is based on the visible light absorption by sensory solution. The results of these studies will provide a basis for technology development to control the emission of EPFRs during TT of Superfund sites materials and to develop devices for simple and fast detection and measurement of EPFRs in field.

项目摘要/摘要：项目 4 对包括超级基金场地废物和土壤在内的危险废物进行热处理会导致形成 与排放的颗粒物 (PM) 相关的环境持久性自由基 (EPFR) 许多金属。 例如以 EPFR 形式存在于 PM 中的铜、铁、锌或镍，具有不同的产率和不同程度的 此类 EPFR 实体被证明是导致这种现象的潜在主要因素。 我们对模型系统的研究观察了暴露人群对心肺健康的影响。 具有单一金属形态和相关 EPFR 的颗粒使得在 了解 EPFR 的形成机制以及对呼吸和心脏健康的影响 项目 4 的中心假设是 EPFR 的形成及其影响。 生物活化及其进行催化循环、产生 OH 的倾向由下式定义： PM 的成分和介质的物理化学特性（介质 pH、离子强度和极性） 项目 4 探索的主要科学问题包括 1) 如何加速或阻止 EPFR 激活。 环境空气中持久的 EPFR 在生物系统中转化为非常活跃的氧化还原循环物质，2) 可以 EPFR 的反应性是否可以作为预防或控制 EPFR 形成及其检测的手段？ 项目 4 采用系统方法来解决这些问题，首先通过以下方式定义机制： 其中 EPFR 从持久性自由基转变为产生·OH 的活性物质（即活化）。 研究中使用了up方法；从具有简单成分的实验室制备的样品中获得的结果； 将与更复杂的燃烧产生的 EPFR 进行比较和评估，最后，现场 收集了 EPFR，利用之前的研究结果，我们提出了一种预防 EPFR 的方法。 该方法基于金属中心的“原位”失活。 热处理（TT）设施，从而有效阻止 EPFR 排放。现场传感器的开发正在进行中。 基于 EPFR 产生羟基自由基的倾向，并基于可见光吸收 这些研究结果将为控制技术的发展提供基础。 在超级基金站点材料的 TT 期间排放 EPFR，并开发简单快速检测的设备 EPFR 的现场测量。