Rapid Assay for Internalized Radionuclides with Advanced Materials and Methods

利用先进材料和方法快速测定内化放射性核素

• 批准号: 7650241
• 负责人: Raymond Shane Addleman
• 金额: $ 51.71万
• 依托单位: BATTELLE PACIFIC NORTHWEST LABORATORIES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-07-01 至 2012-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7650241
• 关键词: Actinoid Series Elements; Alpha Particles; Automation; Biological Assay; Blood; Chemistry; Cholesterol; Deposition; Detection; Development; Devices; Diagnostic; Disasters; Dose; Engineering; Environment; Equipment; Event; Feces; Film; Goals; Home environment; Hour; Human; Individual; Left; Liquid substance; Measurement; Methods; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease; Nose; Nuclear; Nuclear Accidents; Organ; Performance; Polonium; Population; Preparation; Radiation; Radiation Injuries; Radioactivity; Radioisotopes; Research; Sampling; Screening procedure; Silicon; Silicon Dioxide; Site; Speed; Surface; Swab; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Triage; Urine; Work; data modeling; design; high throughput screening; in vivo; instrumentation; method development; minimally invasive; nanoparticle; product development; programs; rapid diagnosis

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In the event of a disaster resulting in the uncontrolled dispersal of radionuclides into the environment, it is imperative that the human population in the vicinity be rapidly screened for internalized nuclear material. Surface smears and nasal swabs are effective as exposure diagnostics for only a short time, leaving the assay of bodily fluids such as urine as the most viable method for determining possible internalization of radionuclides that cannot be detected by standoff means (i.e. those not having gamma or strong beta emissions). The goal of this research effort is to develop and demonstrate advanced materials and methods that will enable rapid high-throughput determination of internalized radionuclides (and the subsequent dose). Initial work will focus upon actinides and 210 Po due to the high radiation doses they impart when internalized and, most significantly, the current inability to quickly and easily detect internalized alpha emitters using stand-off techniques. Our objective is to create a system which would allow for simple, minimally invasive, efficient and reliable capture of radionuclides expressed in urine (and perhaps other fluids such as blood) to aid in the rapid diagnosis of internalized radioisotopes. Direct assay of the radionuclide preconcentrating materials (in a carefully engineered format) would be achieved with commercially available equipment amenable to automation. The time and intensity of analysis could be dynamically adjusted as needed, to allow for performance ranging from rapid high-throughput screening (minutes) to more extensive trace level isotopic assay (lasting hours to days). The research is focused upon 3 aims: 1. To develop and evaluate advanced sorbent materials that will efficiently capture and concentrate radionuclides from human urine and blood to facilitate rapid analysis. 2. To develop methods for utilizing advanced sorbent materials to enable accelerated, noninvasive, high volume assays of radionuclides from human urine and blood. 3. Demonstrate diagnostic assays (fast general screening and trace isotopic) of (spiked) human urine and blood using the best materials and methods developed for the detection of priority radionuclides (actinides and Po) at relevant activity/action levels. The proposed work supports a number of stated NIAID needs such as "Development of minimally-invasive biodosimetric devices and techniques, high-throughput diagnostic systems to rapidly assess levels and types of radiation exposure..." The proposed work also aligns with the "NIAID Radiation Countermeasures Program places a strong emphasis on product development of treatments for radiation injury and biodosimetric techniques for triage of individuals with potential radiation exposure." The proposed research will develop and demonstrate advanced methods and materials that will enable high-throughput screening of large populations for radionuclides which may have been internally deposited in victims' bodies following a nuclear event. It is anticipated that this work will provide the technology for a simple noninvasive "self-sampling" device (such as a dip stick) for bodily fluids like urine that could be directly submitted for rapid (minutes) on-site screening of high exposures as well as more extensive measurement for the determination of trace levels of internalized nuclear material (and subsequent resulting radiation dose).

描述（由申请人提供）：如果发生灾难，导致放射性核素不受控制地扩散到环境中，则必须迅速筛选附近人口的内部核材料。表面涂片和鼻拭子仅在短时间内作为暴露诊断有效，使尿液等体液（例如尿液）的测定是确定无法通过对峙手段无法检测到的放射性核素可能内在化的方法（即那些没有GAMMA或强烈beta发射的人）。这项研究工作的目的是开发和展示先进的材料和方法，以实现内部放射性核素（以及随后的剂量）的快速高通量确定。最初的工作将集中在Actinides和210 PO上，因为它们在内部化时会施加的高辐射剂量，并且最重要的是，目前无法使用阵程技术快速，轻松地检测内部化的Alpha发射器。我们的目标是创建一个系统，该系统将允许对尿液中表达的放射性核素（以及其他流体（例如血液））表达的简单，微创，有效和可靠的捕获，以帮助快速诊断内部放射性病。可以通过可自动化的市售设备来实现放射性核素预浓缩材料（以精心设计的格式）的直接测定。可以根据需要动态调整分析的时间和强度，以允许性能从快速的高通量筛选（分钟）到更广泛的痕量水平同位素分析（持续时间到几天）。这项研究的重点是3个目标：1。开发和评估先进的吸附材料，这些材料将有效地捕获并浓缩从人类尿液和血液中的放射性核素，以促进快速分析。 2。开发利用高级吸附剂材料来实现人类尿液和血液中放射性核素的加速，无创，大量的大量测定。 3。使用最佳材料和方法在相关的活动/动作水平上检测出来的最佳材料和方法，证明（尖刺）人类尿液和血液的诊断测定（快速筛查和痕量同位素）。拟议的工作支持许多既定的NIAID需求，例如“开发最低侵入性的生物标准设备和技术，高通量诊断系统来快速评估辐射暴露的水平和类型……”所提出的工作也与“ NIAID辐射相反的人”的范围造成的范围和范围的范围相吻合，以使其对传播的损害和范围的强调相吻合。 辐射暴露。”拟议的研究将开发和证明先进的方法和材料，这些方法和材料将能够对放射性核素的大量种群进行高通量筛查，这些核素可能已在核事件发生后内部沉积在受害者的尸体中。可以预料的是，这项工作将为简单的非侵入性“自我采样”设备（例如DIP棒）提供该技术，例如尿液（例如尿液），可以直接提交，以快速（分钟）在现场筛选高暴露量以及更广泛的测量，以确定内部化核材料的痕量水平（以及后续的辐射剂量）。