Effects of aging on signal in noise processing

噪声处理中老化对信号的影响

• 批准号: 10228422
• 负责人: Brian J. Malone
• 金额: $ 56.95万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-30 至 2021-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10228422
• 关键词: Acoustics; Address; Affect; Age; Age-associated memory impairment; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Animals; Area; Attention; Attenuated; Auditory; Auditory area; Auditory system; Brain; Code; Cognitive deficits; Complex; Data; Dementia; Depressed mood; Elderly; Environment; Equilibrium; Event; Foundations; Geriatrics; Goals; Hearing; Human; Individual; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Lead; Measures; Mental Health; Modeling; Monkeys; Nervous system structure; Neuraxis; Neurons; Noise; Perception; Peripheral; Population; Presbycusis; Primates; Process; Property; Research; Rodent; Self-Help Devices; Sensory; Series; Signal Transduction; Source; Speech; Speech Perception; Stimulus; Visual; age effect; age related; aged; attentional modulation; auditory pathway; auditory processing; auditory stimulus; comorbidity; directed attention; experimental study; hard of hearing; insight; juvenile animal; neural correlate; nonhuman primate; normal hearing; programs; reconstitution; relating to nervous system; remediation; response; social; sound; suicidal

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Age-related hearing loss is a ubiquitous problem, estimated to affect up to one third of the population. This condition is much more detrimental than `hard of hearing', rather, it has been implicated in a host of co- morbidities such as cognitive deficits, including dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. It remains unclear if this is a cause and effect situation or an epiphenomenon. If the former, simple interventions may well lead to much better mental health among the elderly. The long-term goal of the proposed research program is to identify the neural coding principles that allow listeners to make sense of, and focus on, particular sounds (i.e. what you are listening to) when they occur mixed with other sounds (i.e. the background), something that is common in many listening situations. Although this is an extremely difficult computational problem, people with normal hearing solve it effortlessly. Unfortunately, this remarkable ability almost always declines with age, leaving individuals struggling to understand speech in noisy environments. In order to develop assistive technologies or therapies to restore this critical function, we need to understand how the brain processes sounds in complex acoustic scenes, and, in particular, exactly how it fails to do so in aged individuals. Age-related shifts in the coding strategy employed at different stages of the auditory pathway are believed to involve compensatory changes related to attenuated input from more peripheral stages, and recent research in older animals has demonstrated quantitative and qualitative changes in central neural representation of complex sounds. Crucially, these changes appear to involve changes in how information is transformed along the cortical hierarchy. For this reason, a rigorous study of the effects of age-related hearing loss must include a comparison of cortical areas, such as core versus belt, that function at different levels of the processing hierarchy in normal hearing. Moreover, these central changes impact not only `bottom-up' sound processing along the ascending auditory pathway, but also `top-down' modulation by attention. The proposed studies will therefore contrast how complex sounds in challenging listening environments are processed in young versus old animals while those animals are performing perceptual tasks that either do or do not require auditory attention. These studies will be the first to track changes in how multiple complex sounds are encoded across hierarchical levels of processing in the auditory pathway in a primate model of aging, while allowing direct comparisons between cortical response changes and auditory perceptual deficits.

项目概要/摘要 与年龄相关的听力损失是一个普遍存在的问题，估计影响多达三分之一的人口。这 这种情况比“听力困难”更有害，相反，它与许多共同的问题有关。 认知缺陷等疾病，包括痴呆症和阿尔茨海默病。目前还不清楚是否 这是一种因果关系或一种附带现象。如果是前者，简单的干预很可能导致 改善老年人的心理健康。拟议研究计划的长期目标是 确定神经编码原理，使听众能够理解并关注特定的内容 当声音（即您正在听的声音）与其他声音（即背景声音）混合时， 在许多聆听情况下都很常见。虽然这是一个极其困难的 计算问题，听力正常的人可以毫不费力地解决。不幸的是，这个非凡的 能力几乎总是随着年龄的增长而下降，导致人们在嘈杂的环境中难以理解言语 环境。为了开发辅助技术或疗法来恢复这一关键功能，我们 需要了解大脑如何在复杂的声学场景中处理声音，特别是准确地处理声音 它如何在老年人身上无法做到这一点？不同领域采用的编码策略与年龄相关的变化 听觉通路的各个阶段被认为涉及与衰减输入相关的代偿性变化 从更外围的阶段开始，最近对老年动物的研究已经证明了定量和 复杂声音的中枢神经表征发生质的变化。至关重要的是，这些变化似乎 涉及信息沿着皮质层次结构转换方式的变化。为此，严格 研究与年龄相关的听力损失的影响必须包括皮质区域的比较，例如核心区域 与皮带相比，皮带在正常听力的处理层次结构的不同级别上发挥作用。而且，这些 中心变化不​​仅影响沿上行听觉通路的“自下而上”的声音处理，而且影响 也是通过注意力进行“自上而下”的调节。因此，拟议的研究将对比声音的复杂程度 在具有挑战性的聆听环境中，年轻动物与年老动物进行处理，而这些动物则 执行需要或不需要听觉注意的感知任务。这些研究将是 首先跟踪多个复杂声音在处理层次上的编码方式的变化 在灵长类衰老模型的听觉通路中，同时允许直接比较 皮质反应变化和听觉感知缺陷。