Evolution of pathogen avoidance behavior and downstream effects on physiological resistance

病原体回避行为的演变及其对生理抵抗力的下游影响

• 批准号: 10389554
• 负责人: Caroline Amoroso
• 金额: $ 6.76万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10389554
• 关键词: Address; Animal Behavior; Animal Model; Animals; Behavioral; Biological Assay; Biology; COVID-19 pandemic; Caenorhabditis elegans; Chemicals; Collaborations; Complex; Costs and Benefits; Cues; Disease; Disease Resistance; Ecology; Effectiveness of Interventions; Empirical Research; Epidemiology; Evolution; Failure; Feedback; Fellowship; Foundations; Gatekeeping; Genetic; Genetic Models; Genetic Variation; Habitats; Host Defense; Human; Hygiene; Infection; Knowledge; Laboratories; Linkage Disequilibrium; Literature; Measures; Mentorship; Modeling; Outcome; Pattern; Phenotype; Physiological; Play; Population Genetics; Process; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Research; Resistance; Resources; Risk; Role; Scheme; Scientist; Serratia marcescens; Shapes; Social Distance; Supervision; System; Technical Expertise; Testing; Thinking; Training; Universities; Variant; Virginia; Virulence; Work; avoidance behavior; cost; disorder risk; emerging pathogen; experimental study; fitness; mathematical model; novel strategies; pandemic disease; pathogen; pathogenic bacteria; preemptive intervention; pressure; prevent; response; skills; social; social structure; success; theories; trait

Project Summary Avoidance is a form of host defense against pathogens that reduces the risk of initial contact between host and pathogen. Avoidance behaviors represent an animal's first line of defense against pathogens and play a primary role in determining whether and how a host-pathogen interaction will proceed. Yet avoidance has not been studied within the rich theoretical framework that has been built for other forms of defenses against pathogens, such as physiological resistance. Both avoidance and resistance reduce infection, and thus it could be argued that the extensive literature on resistance can be simply extended to predict the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of avoidance. However, avoidance may evolve differently from resistance, especially if the costs of avoidance are lower or more variable. Moreover, as the gatekeeper of the host-pathogen interaction, avoidance is likely to have downstream effects on the strength of selection on resistance. Predictions about the primary role of avoidance in determining host-pathogen interactions have proven challenging to test because avoidance and resistance are hard to separate empirically: infection outcomes are a product of both. This research addresses these knowledge gaps by combining theoretical and empirical research to generate and test predictions for the evolution of avoidance and resistance as components of a `defense cascade.' Theoretical approaches will generate predictions for the evolutionary processes that govern avoidance and its association with resistance (Aim 1). Experiments will be conducted in a tractable system in which avoidance and resistance not only can be measured separately, but also can be evolved separately: the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans and bacterial pathogen Serratia marcescens. Assays and experimental selection schemes will characterize the fitness costs and benefits of avoidance relative to resistance (Aim 2), and examine the evolution of defense modes separately and in combination (Aim 3). Together, this approach will break down the steps of the defense cascade, establishing a critical foundation for understanding the evolution of avoidance and its downstream impacts on resistance evolution. This research will use a novel approach to bridge the gap between behavioral ecology and evolutionary theory of pathogen defenses, laying a foundation to address questions relevant to public health decisions surrounding avoidance behaviors. Through the proposed research, the Trainee will develop technical skills for complex mathematical modeling and maintaining a C. elegans laboratory. The Trainee will also focus on professional skills such as mentorship and collaboration. The training will take place in the Department of Biology at the University of Virginia, under the supervision of two successful co-sponsors who will contribute diverse perspectives, and have the resources to support the Trainee. Through this fellowship, the Trainee will build on her strong and productive background to reach her full potential as an independent scientist and leader in her field.

项目概要 回避是宿主防御病原体的一种形式，可降低宿主与病原体之间初次接触的风险。 病原。回避行为是动物抵御病原体的第一道防线，并发挥着重要作用。 在确定宿主-病原体相互作用是否以及如何进行方面发挥着主要作用。然而回避并没有 在为其他形式的防御而建立的丰富理论框架内进行了研究 病原体的生理抵抗力等。回避和抵抗都可以减少感染，因此可以 有人认为，关于耐药性的大量文献可以简单地扩展到预测生态和 回避的进化动力学。然而，回避的演变可能与抵抗不同，特别是如果 回避的成本较低或变化更大。此外，作为宿主病原体的看门人 在相互作用中，回避可能会对抵抗选择的强度产生下游影响。 关于回避在确定宿主与病原体相互作用中的主要作用的预测已被证明 测试具有挑战性，因为回避和抵抗很难凭经验分开：感染结果是 两者的产物。本研究通过结合理论和实证来解决这些知识差距 研究生成和测试对作为组成部分的回避和抵抗的演变的预测 “防御级联。”理论方法将为控制进化过程提供预测 回避及其与抵抗的关联（目标 1）。实验将在易于处理的系统中进行 其中回避和抵抗不仅可以单独测量，而且可以单独演化： 模式生物秀丽隐杆线虫和细菌病原体粘质沙雷氏菌。化验和 实验选择方案将描述相对于回避的适应性成本和收益 抵抗（目标 2），并单独和组合研究防御模式的演变（目标 3）。 总之，这种方法将打破防御级联的步骤，为 了解回避的演变及其对抵抗演变的下游影响。这项研究 将使用一种新方法来弥合行为生态学和病原体进化理论之间的差距 防御，为解决与回避相关的公共卫生决策相关问题奠定基础 行为。通过拟议的研究，实习生将培养复杂数学的技术技能 建模和维护线虫实验室。实习生还将专注于专业技能，例如 指导和合作。培训将在大学生物系进行 弗吉尼亚州，在两位成功的共同发起人的监督下，他们将贡献不同的观点，以及 有资源支持实习生。通过这次奖学金，实习生将增强她的坚强和 富有成效的背景，以充分发挥她作为独立科学家和所在领域领导者的潜力。