Psychophysics of Reading - Normal and Low Vision

阅读的心理物理学 - 正常和低视力

• 批准号: 7669108
• 负责人: GORDON E LEGGE
• 金额: $ 37.75万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1979
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1979-09-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7669108
• 关键词: Age; Age related macular degeneration; American; Attention; Basic Science; Categories; Central Scotomas; Characteristics; Clinical; Crowding; Dependence; Dimensions; Eye; Eye diseases; Face; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Individual; Label; Letters; Link; Macular degeneration; Measures; Methods; Perceptual learning; Performance; Peripheral; Positioning Attribute; Prevalence; Progress Reports; Property; Psychophysics; Psychophysiology; Reading; Rehabilitation therapy; Relative (related person); Research; Retina; Retinal; Role; Sensory; Series; Side; Site; Speed; Stimulus; Stretching; Structure; Testing; Text; Training; Training Technics; Uncertainty; United States; Vision; Visual; Visual Fields; Visual impairment; Work; base; central visual field; experience; legally blind; oculomotor; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; sample fixation; vision science; visual process; visual processing

Description (provided by applicant): There are more than 3.3 million Americans with low vision, most of whom have reading difficulties. Many suffer from macular degeneration and associated loss of central vision. The primary purpose of this proposal is to develop principled training methods to enhance low-vision reading, particularly for those with macular degeneration Our research indicates that decrease in the size of the visual span is a key factor explaining reduced reading speed in low vision. The visual span for reading refers to the number of letters, arranged side-by-side as in text that can be recognized accurately without moving the eyes. Structure of the retina and cortical magnification of the central visual field produce a small visual span, even for normal vision. This small visual span is further diminished as a consequence of eye disease. In a series of psychophysical studies, we will build on our prior research on the visual span to develop principled training methods to enhance low-vision reading. The three forms of training to be evaluated include: 1) Vertical reading in cases where the vertical visual span exceeds the horizontal visual span; 2) Oculomotor training of eye fixations to maximize the information transfer rate through the visual span; and 3) Perceptual Learning which is focused on enlarging the size of the visual span. The applications to reading rehabilitation will benefit from our exploration of the sensory factors determining the size of the visual span and its role in reading. We will examine spatial factors (crowding, positional uncertainty) and temporal factors determining the size of the visual span in central and peripheral vision. We will use fMRI to localize the neural site of word and letter recognition within the visual span and the influence of perceptual learning on its size. These studies will inform our psychophysical exploration of the visual- processing capacity of the preferred retinal locus (PRL), the region of peripheral retina used for reading by many people with macular degeneration. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE There are more than 3.3 million Americans with low vision, most of whom have reading difficulties. Our broad goal is to use findings from vision science to understand the reading difficulties of people with low vision. A major goal of the current proposal is to develop principled training methods to enhance low-vision reading, particularly for people with macular degeneration.

描述（由申请人提供）：有超过330万的美国人，大多数人都有阅读困难。许多人遭受黄斑变性和相关的中央视力丧失。该提案的主要目的是开发有原则的训练方法来增强低视觉阅读，尤其是对于那些具有黄斑变性的人，我们的研究表明，视觉跨度的尺寸减小是解释降低低视力阅读速度的关键因素。读取的视觉跨度是指字母数量，并与文本相同的并排排列，可以准确地识别而不会移动眼睛。视网膜的结构和中央视野的皮质放大倍数也会产生较小的视觉跨度，即使对于正常视力也是如此。由于眼病的结果，这种小的视觉跨度进一步减少。在一系列心理物理研究中，我们将基于对视觉跨度的先前研究，以开发有原则的训练方法，以增强低视觉阅读。要评估的三种训练形式包括：1）在垂直视觉跨度超过水平视觉跨度的情况下垂直读数； 2）对眼睛固定的动眼训练，以通过视觉跨度最大化信息传输速率； 3）感知学习的重点是扩大视觉跨度的大小。阅读康复的应用将受益于我们探索确定视觉跨度及其在阅读中作用的感官因素。我们将研究空间因素（拥挤，位置不确定性）和确定中央和外围视觉视觉跨度大小的时间因素。我们将使用fMRI在视觉范围内定位单词和字母识别的神经位点，以及感知学习对其大小的影响。这些研究将为我们对首选视网膜基因座（PRL）的视觉处理能力的心理物理探索（PRL），这是许多具有黄斑变性的人用于阅读的周围视网膜区域。公共卫生相关性有超过330万的美国人，大多数人都有阅读困难。我们的广泛目标是利用视觉科学的发现来了解低视力的人的阅读困难。当前建议的主要目标是开发有原则的培训方法来增强低视觉阅读，尤其是对于黄斑变性的人。