Activated Carbon as a Multifunctional Amendment to Treat PCBs and Mercury

活性炭作为处理多氯联苯和汞的多功能改良剂

• 批准号: 7665378
• 负责人: Richard G. Luthy
• 金额: $ 30.09万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-28 至 2012-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7665378
• 关键词: Address; Amendment; Arts; Binding; Binding Sites; Biological Availability; Biological Testing; California; Carbon; Chemicals; Clams; Consumption; Effectiveness; Environment; Expenditure; Fishes; Food Chain; Food Webs; Goals; Habitats; Hazardous Waste Sites; Health; Health Hazards; Hot Spot; Human; In Situ; Invertebrates; Iron; Laboratories; Mercury; Nature; Organism; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Process; Property; Research; Research Project Grants; Risk; Risk Reduction; Role; San Francisco; Site; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Water; Work; base; cost; dechlorination; field study; innovation; innovative technologies; insight; nanoscale; organic contaminant; particle; programs; remediation; research study; restoration; uptake

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this project is to develop activated carbon (AC) amendment as a multifunctional, in-situ sediment remediation technique to reduce the bioavailability of both mercury (Hg) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at contaminated sediment sites. Activated carbon particles will be impregnated with nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) to induce Hg reduction and sequestration, and PCB dechlorination. Successful application of this innovative technology may significantly reduce the human health risks posed by Hg and PCBs at many hazardous waste sites, while minimizing negative impact to sensitive habitats. The project will accomplish its main goal through a combination of spectroscopic, physicochemical, and biological tests. State-of-the-art microspectroscopy will be used to understand contaminant binding to AC at the particle scale. Physicochemical tests will probe the partitioning of Hg and PCBs to AC particles, and provide insight into sequestration and dechlorination rates, including mechanistic understanding of the role of nZVI on these processes. Finally, biological tests with a relevant clam species will document the effectiveness of AC amendment in reducing Hg and PCB bioavailability to sediment-dwelling macro- invertebrates. Sediment from Stege Marsh (San Francisco Bay, CA), a toxic "hot spot" contaminated with both Hg and PCBs, will be used in these tests. In-situ treatment with (nZVI-) AC may protect sensitive habitats and endangered species, such as the California clapper rail in the case of Stege Marsh. Combined, Hg and PCB contamination are responsible for the vast majority of fish consumption advisories currently in effect in the US. In addition, public use of Hg- and PCB-contaminated sites is limited due to human health risks associated with these often co-occurring contaminants. This research advances AC amendment as a remediation strategy that will lower both types of human health risks by (1) reducing the level of Hg and PCBs entering the food chain, and (2) decreasing the availability of Hg and PCBs to the local environment.

描述（由申请人提供）： 该项目的目的是开发活性炭（AC）修正案，作为一种多功能的坐坐沉积物补救技术，以降低污染的沉积物位点汞（HG）和多氯联苯双苯基（PCB）的生物利用度。活性炭颗粒将用纳米级零价铁（NZVI）浸渍，以诱导HG还原和隔离，以及PCB脱氯。成功应用这项创新技术可能会大大降低许多危险废物站点在许多危险废物站点对HG和PCB造成的人类健康风险，同时最大程度地减少对敏感栖息地的负面影响。该项目将通过光谱，物理化学和生物学测试的结合来实现其主要目标。最先进的微光谱法将用于理解颗粒尺度上与AC的污染物结合。物理化学测试将探测HG和PCBS对AC颗粒的分配，并洞悉隔离和脱氯速率，包括对NZVI在这些过程中的作用的机械理解。最后，具有相关蛤hop物种的生物学测试将记录AC修正案在将HG和PCB生物利用度降低到居住在沉积物中的宏观无脊椎动物方面的有效性。这些测试将使用Stege Marsh（加利福尼亚州旧金山湾）的沉积物（加利福尼亚州旧金山湾），这是一种被HG和PCB污染的有毒“热点”。 （NZVI-）AC的原位治疗可能会保护敏感的栖息地和濒危物种，例如Stege Marsh的加利福尼亚覆盖物导轨。联合，HG和PCB污染负责美国目前有效的绝大多数鱼类消费咨询。此外，由于与这些经常同时发生的污染物相关的人类健康风险，公众使用HG和受PCB污染站点的使用受到限制。这项研究将AC修正案作为一种补救策略进行推进，该策略将通过（1）降低进入食物链的HG和PCB水平，以及（2）将HG和PCB的可用性降低到本地环境中。