Mechanisms of Risky Alcohol Use in Young Adults: Linking Sleep Duration and Timing to Reward- and Stress-Related Brain Function

年轻人危险饮酒的机制：将睡眠持续时间和时间与奖励和压力相关的大脑功能联系起来

• 批准号: 10364087
• 负责人: Melynda D Casement
• 金额: $ 52.74万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF OREGON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-04-01 至 2027-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10364087
• 关键词: Acute; Adolescent and Young Adult; Affect; Age; Age-Years; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol dependence; Alcoholism; Brain; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Chronic; Communities; Consumption; Development; Disease; Equipment and supply inventories; Etiology; Experimental Designs; Exposure to; Foundations; Frequencies; Future; Goals; Health; Hour; Injury; Institutes; Intervention; Laboratories; Link; Measurement; Measures; Medial; Mediating; Mental Health; Modeling; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Neurosecretory Systems; Observational Study; Patient Self-Report; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevention; Psychologist; Psychopathology; Randomized; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Rewards; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Series; Sleep; Sleep Deprivation; Sleep disturbances; Stress; Stressful Event; Suicide attempt; Symptoms; System; Testing; Translating; Woman; alcohol abuse therapy; alcohol misuse; alcohol use disorder; base; biobehavior; circadian; comorbidity; cost; deter alcohol use; disability; disorder prevention; experience; experimental study; follow-up; high risk; high risk drinking; improved; men; modifiable risk; mortality; physical assault; preventive intervention; prospective; recruit; response; sexual assault; sleep behavior; sleep regulation; stressor; young adult

7. PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The long-term objectives of this proposal are: 1) to evaluate a biobehavioral model of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in young adults with recent high-risk drinking (≥ 4 drinks/day or ≥ 8/week for women, ≥ 5 drinks/day or ≥ 15/week for men) and high lifetime exposure to stressors, and 2) to leverage sleep and circadian function to promote mental health. These objectives are consistent with two key priorities of the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA): 1) identify mechanisms of AUDs, and 2) improve prevention and treatment for alcohol misuse. The proposed model of AUD posits that sleep duration and/or timing moderate the effects of stressful life events on high-risk alcohol use by disrupting reward- and stress-related brain function. The research approach uses two complementary study designs to evaluate the proposed model: 1) an observational study (n=150) that will assess the degree to which short and late sleep predict later reward- and stress-related brain function and alcohol use, and 2) an experimental study (n=100) that will evaluate the extent to which sleep duration and timing affect reward- and stress-related brain function and alcohol use. The sample includes young adults (18-24 years of age) with recent high-risk drinking and high lifetime exposure to stressors (≥20 stressors on a lifetime stress and adversity inventory). Recruitment will be stratified to include young adults with short and late sleep (weekday sleep duration ≤ 6 h & midpoint ≥ 4 am; n=100) versus long and early sleep (weekday sleep duration ≥ 8h & midpoint ≤ 2:30 am; n=50). Both studies include measurement of daily sleep and stressful events for 2 weeks; subsequent laboratory measures of reward- and stress-related brain function and sleep and circadian characteristics; and self-report measures of alcohol use during daily monitoring and 2-month follow-up. The experimental study includes random assignment of young adults with short and late sleep from the observational study to 2 weeks of either: 1) 90 min extension and advance of sleep opportunity and timing (n=50); or 2) typical sleep opportunity and timing (n=50). This research approach will accomplish three specific aims: 1) Evaluate the extent to which sleep duration and/or timing predict reward- and stress-related brain function, and moderate the effects of stressful life events; 2) Establish the extent to which sleep duration and/or timing affect reward- and stress-related brain function, and moderate the effects of stressful life events; and 3) Determine the extent to which changes in reward- or stress-related brain function mediate the associations between sleep duration and/or timing and alcohol use. The investigative team has expertise in the etiology and prevention of AUD in young adults, including specific expertise in the impact of sleep and stressful life events on the stress and reward systems that contribute to AUD. All three investigators are also licensed psychologists who are committed to translating research on the mechanisms of psychopathology to preventative interventions.

7. 项目概要/摘要 该提案的长期目标是：1）评估酒精使用障碍的生物行为模型 （澳元）最近有高风险饮酒的年轻人（女性≥ 4 杯/天或≥ 8 杯/周，≥ 5 杯/天或≥ 男性每周 15 次）和终生大量接触压力源，以及 2）利用睡眠和昼夜节律功能 这些目标与国家心理健康研究所的两个关键优先事项是一致的。 酒精滥用和酒精中毒 (NIAAA)：1) 确定 AUD 的机制，2) 改善预防和预防 治疗酒精滥用的建议模型是睡眠持续时间和/或时间适中的。 压力生活事件通过扰乱与奖励和压力相关的大脑来影响高风险饮酒 该研究方法使用两种互补的研究设计来评估所提出的模型：1) 一项观察性研究（n = 150），将评估短睡眠和晚睡眠预测稍后奖励的程度 - 以及与压力相关的大脑功能和饮酒，以及 2) 一项实验研究 (n=100)，该研究将评估 睡眠持续时间和时间安排在多大程度上影响与奖励和压力相关的大脑功能和饮酒。 样本包括近期高风险饮酒且终生接触高风险的年轻人（18-24 岁） 压力源（终生压力和逆境清单中≥20 个压力源）。 睡眠时间短且晚的年轻人（工作日睡眠时间 ≤ 6 小时且中点 ≥ 凌晨 4 点；n=100）与睡眠时间长的年轻人相比 和早睡（工作日睡眠时间 ≥ 8 小时且中点 ≤ 凌晨 2:30；n=50）。 两周的每日睡眠和压力事件；随后的奖励和压力相关实验室测量 大脑功能、睡眠和昼夜节律特征；以及日常饮酒情况的自我报告测量 该实验研究包括随机分配患有以下疾病的年轻人。 从观察性研究到 2 周的短睡和晚睡：1) 延长和提前 90 分钟 睡眠机会和时间 (n=50)；或 2) 典型的睡眠机会和时间 (n=50)。 将实现三个具体目标：1）评估睡眠持续时间和/或时间安排预测奖励的程度 - 和压力相关的大脑功能，并减轻压力生活事件的影响 2) 确定程度； 睡眠持续时间和/或时间会影响与奖励和压力相关的大脑功能，并减轻 压力生活事件；以及 3) 确定与奖励或压力相关的大脑功能的变化程度 调解睡眠持续时间和/或时间与饮酒之间的关联。 年轻人 AUD 的病因学和预防方面的专业知识，包括关于 AUD 影响的具体专业知识 睡眠和压力生活事件对 AUD 的压力和奖励系统的影响 所有三位研究人员。 也是有执照的心理学家，致力于转化有关机制的研究 精神病理学到预防性干预。